Medicine
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Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) is a rare pulmonary disease, which is characterized by diffuse pulmonary eosinophilia. The pathogenesis remains unknown. Here we report a patient with AEP following a recently acquired habit of smoking. ⋯ Cigarette smoking might be an underlying triggering factor of AEP. Diffuse alveolar infiltrates and a gradually increasing peripheral eosinophilia should raise the concern especially in recent smoking patients.
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Observational Study
Incidence and risk of surgical site infection after adult femoral neck fractures treated by surgery: A retrospective case-control study.
Surgical site infections (SSI) are devastating complications after surgery for femoral neck fractures. There are a lot of literature have shown a strong association between diabetic patients and SSI. This study aimed to identify diabetes as an independent risk factor of SSI, focusing on femoral neck fractures, and to investigate the other potential risk factors for SSI. ⋯ On multivariate analysis, diabetes (P < .001) was determined an independent risk factor of SSI, so were surgery performed between May and September (P = .04), body mass index (P = .031), corticosteroid therapy (P = .003), anemia (P = .041), and low preoperative hemoglobin levels. Our results suggest that clinicians should recognize patients with these factors, particularly diabetes. And taking management optimally in the preoperative period will prevent the SSI after femoral neck fracture.
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We sought to determine whether black-white gap in mortality exists among hospitalized HIV-positive patients in the United States (US). We hypothesized that in-hospital mortality (IHM) would be similar between black and white HIV-positive patients due to the nationwide availability of HIV services. Our analysis was restricted to hospitalized HIV-positive patients (15-49 years). ⋯ In-hospital HIV-related deaths continue to decline among both blacks and whites in the US. Among hospitalized HIV-positive patients black-white disparity still persists, but to a lesser extent than in the general HIV population. Improved access to HIV care is a key to eliminating black-white disparity in HIV-related mortality.
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In Taiwan, traditional herbal medication was included in Taiwan's National Health Insurance (NHI) system since 1996 and in 9 out of 10 hospitals have developed their own departments of traditional medicine. This study aims to address the herb-induced liver injury (HILI) after using herbal medicine on the relationship between age, gender, epidemiology, laboratory data, pathogenesis, mobility, and mortality. We searched the PubMed database with "hepatitis after herbal medicine" and "in human" till 2018 April and returned 163 articles in a systemic review manner. ⋯ HILI cases in Europe is 2.75-fold than in Asia. This could be due to fewer reports of the herb induced liver injury in Asia compared to Europe. Prevention of HILI is the best policy, because it needs to take 78 ± 59 days to recover.
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Emergence agitation (EA) is common after nasal surgery. Strong opioids and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists prevent EA. Tramadol also acts as an opioid receptor agonist and an NMDA receptor antagonist, but few studies have evaluated the effects of tramadol on EA. ⋯ Changes in systolic blood pressure in the 2 groups were similar, whereas changes in heart rate during emergence differed depending on the group (P = .020), although pairwise comparisons did not reveal any differences between the groups. Recovery time, postoperative pain scores, and adverse events were similar in the 2 groups. In adult patients undergoing nasal surgery, tramadol infusion decreases the incidence of EA after sevoflurane anesthesia without delaying recovery or increasing the number of adverse events.