Medicine
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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as a major health problem worldwide; according to statistics, 10% to 25% of patients with NAFLD can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). A link between the composition and metabolites of intestinal microbiota and the development of NAFLD is becoming clearer. It is believed that microbiota factors are driving forces of hepatic steatosis and inflammation. The formulated food that contains prebiotics and dietary fiber may improve NAFLD by altering the intestinal flora and its metabolites. ⋯ This clinical trial will provide evidence of efficacy and safety of formulated food as a potential new therapeutic agent for NAFLD patients.
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Women with nonpalpable breast masses are at a high risk of developing breast cancer (BC) due to misdiagnosis during the follow-up period. A total of 40,334 women were divided into palpable and nonpalpable breast mass groups. We assessed the risk factors for cancer development in patients with nonpalpable breast masses during a 1-year follow-up period. ⋯ The incidence of BC was 240.2 per 100,000 inhabitants. Patients with nonpalpable breast masses require regular follow-up as they have a high risk of cancer occurrence. Regular follow-up can lead to early diagnosis and effective treatment of these early-stage BC patients.
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Systemic mastocytosis is a rare disease due to mast cell accumulation in various extracutaneous sites. Systemic mastocytosis with an associated clonal hematologic non-MC lineage disease is the second most common subtype of systemic mastocytosis. The most common mutation associated with both systemic mastocytosis and myeloid sarcoma is mutation in Kit. Here, we identified the novel KIT D816V and ARID1A G1254S mutations co-occurring in systemic mastocytosis with myeloid sarcoma. ⋯ This is the first case of patient with systemic mastocytosis and myeloid sarcoma simultaneously presenting extensive skin involvements. Mutations of Kit and Arid1a emphasis the importance to notice possibility of various tumors occurring in patients with multiple mutations. In addition, cysteine-leukotrienes-receptor antagonists should always be used to prevent anaphylactic shock due to mast cell activation.
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Deep learning algorithms have shown excellent performances in the field of medical image recognition, and practical applications have been made in several medical domains. Little is known about the feasibility and impact of an undetectable adversarial attacks, which can disrupt an algorithm by modifying a single pixel of the image to be interpreted. The aim of the study was to test the feasibility and impact of an adversarial attack on the accuracy of a deep learning-based dermatoscopic image recognition system. ⋯ The kappa agreement coefficient between the 2 observers was negative at -0.22 (CI 95%: -0.49--0.04). Adversarial attacks on medical image databases can distort interpretation by image recognition algorithms, are easy to make and undetectable by humans. It seems essential to improve our understanding of deep learning-based image recognition systems and to upgrade their security before putting them to practical and daily use.
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Triple negative breast cancer affects 10% to 20% of all women diagnosed with breast cancer. Due to its characteristics, treatment strategies are limited and metastatic recurrences are common in the first 5 years after treatment. However, not all patients affected by this disease develop metastases. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes have shown to be reliable predictive biomarkers of treatment response and metastatic recurrences. However, we need to develop simpler and faster ways to predict response to cytotoxic treatment and the possibility of eventual cancer relapse by identifying new biomarkers. Recently, new studies are emerging, suggesting a predictive role of circulating blood cells in different types of cancer. In this study, we will assess the correlation between tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and different elements of the blood count in patients diagnosed with triple negative breast cancer. ⋯ The discovery of new prognostic and predictive biomarkers is crucial for triple negative breast cancer. We set up the PERCEPTION clinical trial in order to evaluate certain blood counts as early biomarkers and to assess their correlation with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Demonstration of comparative predictive and/or prognostic capacities of peripheral blood counts and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes would allow introduction of the former as simple and cheap biomarkers in triple negative breast cancer patient management.