Medicine
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Case Reports
Degeneration of core neural tracts for emotional regulation in a patient with traumatic brain injury: A case report.
Several brain structures, including the orbital prefrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and anterior cingulate cortex, are considered key structures in the neural circuitry underlying emotion regulation. We report on a patient showing behavior changes and degeneration of core neural tracts for emotional regulation following traumatic brain injury (TBI). ⋯ The evaluation of dorsolateral, ventrolateral, and orbital prefronto-thalamic tract, uncinate fasciculus, and cingulum using follow-up DTTs is useful when a patient with TBI shows delayed-onset behavioral problems.
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Standardized systemic treatment options are lacking for carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, which is a rare and aggressive tumor primarily found in salivary glands.Here we report the case of a 63-year-old male with carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the left parotid and parapharyngeal space harboring a neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase (NTRK) 2 fusion who was treated with a small molecule inhibitor that targets the tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) proteins. To the best of our knowledge, no similar case has been described in the literature so far. ⋯ It remains unclear why our patient showed mixed response to larotrectinib and further studies are needed to explore other possible mechanisms of resistance.
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Right-to left shunt (RLS) is regarded as a risk factor resulting in migraine, but the relevance between the RLS and migraine remains controversial. This paper aims at investigating the prevalence and RLS grade of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in cases of migraine (including migraine with and without aura) and evaluate the relationship between PFO and migraine. ⋯ PFO is associated with the migraine (especially with aura), when it is permanent RLS, large RLS, and large-size PFO (≥2.0 mm).
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Skin cancer is a common malignant tumor in human beings. At present, the construction of clinical prediction models mainly focuses on malignant melanoma and no researchers have constructed clinical prediction models for all kind of skin cancer to predict the prognosis of skin cancer. We used patient data collected from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program database to construct and validate our model for clinical prediction of skin cancer, hoping to provide a reference for clinical treatment of skin cancer. ⋯ The area under the curve values of the ROC curve for 3-year survival rate and 5-year survival rate were 0.732 and 0.768 respectively. The model calibration diagram of the modeling group also shows that the model exhibits high accuracy. The nomogram model of postoperative survival of patients with skin cancer, based on the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program database of patients with skin cancer, has shown good stability and accuracy in multi-method validation.
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Cachexia is a clinically relevant syndrome in cancer that is associated with reduced tolerance to anticancer therapy, reduced quality of life, and reduced survival rates. Cachexia is most prevalent in pancreatic, gastric, colorectal, lung, and head and neck cancers. It is rarely documented in breast cancer patients. ⋯ We noted a strong negative correlation between the abdominal muscle area and the metastatic tumor area at the second lumbar vertebral (L2) level. The monitoring of abdominal muscle wasting may serve as a marker, and therefore a prognostic factor, for both cachexia and the extent of metastatic disease. This is especially true with breast cancer, where metastasis to bone is frequent. Our data from a computational tomography radiological quantification, may provide clinicians with early indications of the extent of cachexia in metastatic breast cancer patients.