Medicine
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Although androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is classified as a non-inflammatory alopecia, histological evidence of microinflammation has long been recognized. However, changes in the immune microenvironment, immune-related pathways and the expression of immune-related genes (IRGs) involved in AGA remain unclear. ⋯ In summary, we proposed that the increase in γδ T cells, central memory CD8+ T cells, activated CD8+ T cell as well as the infiltration of mast cells contributed to immune microenvironment changes in male AGA. The 4 hub IRGs may be involved in the development and progression of hair loss in male AGA through interferon-γ signal pathways.
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miR-26b-5p actively participates in the osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The database showed that fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21 is a potential binding site of miR-26b-5p. This study aimed to investigate the molecular osteogenic mechanisms of miR-26b-5p targeting FGF21. ⋯ miR-26b-5p can regulate the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and participate in PMOP pathogenesis via suppressing FGF21.
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Glioma is a complex tumor composed of both neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells, including tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs), and each cell type contributes to tumor formation and malignant progression. Among TILs, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are of great importance and play a key role in the immune response to cancer. In this study, 22 types of adaptive and innate TILs were evaluated in gliomas. ⋯ Finally, the prognosis and diagnostic value of TAMs were revealed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. We identified the optimal cutoff point of TAMs at an infiltrating level of 0.47 to predict patient prognosis, with a median overall survival of 448 days in patients with higher TAM infiltration levels and 2660 days in patients with lower TAM infiltration levels. These findings provide a new idea for glioma to regulate tumor-specific immunity, clarify the potential effects of TAMs on disease pathology, and provide a theoretical basis for immune intervention treatment of gliomas.
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Although it is challenging to correct severe adult idiopathic scoliosis (ADIS) deformities, optimal results can be achieved by multiple asymmetric Ponte osteotomies with lower surgical risks. Skipping the apical instrumentation and using multiple rods and connectors may further facilitate the procedure. We named this method as "modular correction technique" (MCT). ⋯ MCT can be performed with low risk of complications and relatively low operation time and blood loss. It facilitates rod insertion and correction maneuvers. Radiologic, especially coronal balance, and functional outcomes can be improved with minimal morbidity while deterioration of pulmonary function is prevented. This technique is useful in severe but relatively flexible ADIS deformities.
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Varicocele is a major cause of male infertility. However, few studies have discussed the potential associations between the pain caused by varicocele and preoperative and intraoperative factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors potentially associated with changes in pain score after microsurgical varicocelectomy. ⋯ In addition, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for changes in NRS and the total number of veins ligated was 0.869. Microsurgical varicocelectomy had a high success rate for scrotal pain and satisfaction. Severe varicocele grade and the number of veins ligated in microsurgical varicocelectomy were associated with postoperative pain improvement.