Medicine
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Comparative Study
Virtual reality headset versus traditional training in orthopedic surgery: A comparative study on real surgical performance in total knee arthroplasty.
Is it possible for a low-volume surgeon to enhance their surgical skills without performing actual surgeries by utilizing virtual reality headsets and emerging technologies? It has been observed that the time spent by surgical assistants in the operating room decreased after the post-shift leave regulation. In the literature, the use of virtual reality simulations as a support tool in surgical training is recommended. Although the efficacy of virtual reality surgical simulations in surgeries such as arthroscopy and laparoscopy has been proven, there are limited studies on their effect in open surgeries. ⋯ It was observed that the virtual reality group was more successful in the "Time and Motion" and "Surgical Functioning and Fluency" criteria. Virtual reality surgical simulations are useful tool in surgical training and can contribute to the development of surgeons' skills. However, more research is needed on how to integrate these simulations into training programs and in which areas they are most effective.
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This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of neuromuscular blockers, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), and inhaled pulmonary vasodilators (IV) for acute respiratory distress syndrome through a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). ⋯ Neuromuscular blockers significantly reduced the 28-day mortality rate in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. However, in terms of 90-day mortality, ventilator-free days, oxygenation improvement, IV, MSC, and neuromuscular blockers did not significantly improve.
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Liver cirrhosis is a chronic disease caused by long-term inflammation and fibrosis of the liver. Early identification and intervention in liver cirrhosis have become an important goal for researchers to explore the influence of some metabolic factors on the risk of liver cirrhosis in terms of genetic susceptibility. Data from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of fourteen metabolic factors and liver cirrhosis were obtained from publicly available databases. ⋯ A causal relationship between other metabolic factors and the risk of liver cirrhosis could not be established in the current selection of data. Our MR study revealed a causal and positive association between ALT and the risk of liver cirrhosis, suggesting an important role of effective control of ALT in liver cirrhosis prevention. The causal relationship between thirteen other metabolic factors and the risk of liver cirrhosis remains to be further verified.
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The aim of our study was to evaluate the specific performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm for lung nodule detection in chest radiography for a larger number of nodules of different sizes and densities using a standardized phantom approach. A total of 450 nodules with varying density (d1 to d3) and size (3, 5, 8, 10 and 12 mm) were inserted in a Lungman phantom at various locations. Radiographic images with varying projections were acquired and processed using the AI algorithm for nodule detection. ⋯ The overall accuracy was calculated as 0.84 for all nodules. While most studies evaluating AI performance in the detection of pulmonary nodules have evaluated a mix of varying nodules, these are the first results of a controlled phantom-based study using a balanced number of nodules of all sizes and densities. To increase the radiologist's diagnostic performance and minimize the risk of decision bias, such algorithms have an obvious benefit in a clinical scenario.
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Case Reports
Femoral neck fracture in a senile patient with primary hyperparathyroidism: A case report.
As a rare cause of femoral neck fracture, usually, hyperparathyroidism is missed diagnosed by orthopedist. Patient can present with various disappearance of clinical manifestations. Primary hyperparathyroidism in senile male population is commonly an asymptomatic disorder discovered incidentally through routine lab testing. Here, this study reports a case of femoral neck fracture in a senile patient with primary hyperparathyroidism. ⋯ Femoral neck fracture associated with primary hyperparathyroidism is a rare presentation. This case highlights that hypercalcemia and multiple osteopathy should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with pathological fracture caused by micro-traumatic injury.