Medicine
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Review
Preventive measures against HIV among Uganda's youth: Strategies, implementation, and effectiveness.
Preventing HIV among Uganda's youth is a critical public health priority due to the high prevalence of HIV/AIDS and the disproportionate burden of new infections among young people. This paper examines the preventive measures implemented to combat HIV/AIDS among Uganda's youth, focusing on strategies, implementation efforts, and the effectiveness of interventions. Comprehensive sexuality education programs have been implemented in schools and communities to provide young people with accurate information on HIV transmission, prevention methods, and reproductive health. ⋯ Continuous monitoring and evaluation are essential to assess the impact of interventions and identify areas for improvement. Recommendations include increasing funding for HIV prevention programs, strengthening policy frameworks, enhancing access to youth-friendly health services, integrating comprehensive sexuality education into school curricula, and fostering community engagement. By addressing these recommendations, Uganda can strengthen its HIV prevention efforts and reduce the incidence of HIV/AIDS among its youth population, ultimately contributing to improved health outcomes and well-being.
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Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the accumulation of immature myeloid precursor cells. Over half of AML patients fail to achieve long-term disease-free survival under existing therapy, and the overall prognosis is poor, necessitating the urgent development of novel therapeutic approaches. The plant alkaloid homoharringtonine (HHT), which has anticancer properties, was first identified more than 40 years ago. ⋯ In AML, HHT can induce cell apoptosis through multiple pathways, exerting synergistic antitumor effects, according to clinical and pharmacological research. About its modes of action, some findings have been made recently. This paper reviews the development of research on the mechanisms of HHT in treating AML to offer insights for further research and clinical therapy.
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Chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) is a major cause of progression to acute coronary syndrome. Due to its insidious onset and complex etiology, this condition is often underestimated and insufficiently recognized, and traditional interventions for risk factors do not effectively control the disease progression. Current research suggests that immune and inflammatory pathways contribute to atherosclerosis and its clinical complications, thereby triggering the progression of CCS to acute coronary syndrome. This article primarily reviews the possible mechanisms of immune and inflammatory responses in CCS, with the aim of providing references for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of CCS.
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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent episodes and difficult-to-cure symptoms. Although the pathogenesis of IBD is closely related to host genetic susceptibility, intestinal microbiota, environmental factors, and immune responses, leading to mucosal damage and increased intestinal permeability. Intestinal mucosal injury in IBD patients causes pathogenic bacteria and pathogenic factors to invade the intestine, leading to disturb the structure and metabolic products of intestinal flora. ⋯ This research mainly introduces and reviews the advantages and disadvantages of probiotics and their protective strategies in the treatment of IBD, and prospects the future development trends of probiotics and their protective strategies. Probiotics can effectively inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms, regulate the structure of the intestinal microbiota, and promote mucosal repairing, thereby reducing immune stress and alleviating intestinal inflammation, providing a new perspective for the treatment of IBD. The development of single-cell encapsulation technology not only effectively maintaining the biological activity of probiotics during oral delivery, but also endowing probiotics with additional biological functions naturally achieved through surface programming, which has multiple benefits for intestinal health.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Comparison of the effects of video conference and video-based home exercise on physical performance and body composition in older adult individuals.
With the development of technology, remote access exercise interventions are frequently used in older adults. Although different technology methods are used in exercise, studies comparing these methods are limited. Based on this, the aim of the study is to compare the effect of exercise applied with video conference (VC) and video-based home exercise (VBHE) methods on physical performance, skeletal muscle mass, body fat percentage, and body mass index (BMI) in older adults. ⋯ It has been observed that a 6-week calisthenic exercise intervention implemented through technology methods such as VC and VBHE is a useful method for the improvement of the physical performance of older adults. However, it was concluded that the VC method is a more effective method than the VBHE method. It is predicted that the lack of improvement in body composition is due to the intensity and duration of exercise.