Medicine
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Observational Study
Evaluation of adverse reactions induced by anti-tuberculosis drugs among hospitalized patients in Wuhan, China: A retrospective study.
The study aims to estimate the incidence and risk factors of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) induced by anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs. A single center retrospective analysis of patients taking anti-TB therapy from January 2016 to December 2018 in the hospital was conducted. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify these risk factors of ADRs induced by anti-TB drugs. ⋯ Anti-TB drugs usually induced the occurrence of severe and frequent adverse effects, such as hyperuricemia. Treatment duration, HREZ, HRZS and HRZ regimens, and type of TB (extrapulmonary) should be considered as high-risk factors. Thus, it should be recommended to consider optimum management during anti-TB therapy, particularly hyperuricemia monitoring and hepatic function test.
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Observational Study
Assessing the clinical utility of abdominal computed tomography in sepsis patients with unknown origin: A retrospective cohort study.
Early identification of the sources of infection in emergency department (ED) patients of sepsis remains challenging. Computed tomography (CT) has the potential to identify sources of infection. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the role of CT in identifying sources of infection in patients with sepsis without obvious infection foci in the ED. ⋯ In patients with sepsis with an undetermined infection focus, those presenting with leukocytosis, anemia, and elevated absolute neutrophil counts tended to have positive findings on abdominal CT scans. These patients had high rates of bacteremia and longer lengths of stay. Abdominal CT remains a valuable diagnostic tool for identifying infection sources in carefully selected patients with sepsis of undetermined infection origins.
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Observational Study
Impact of perinatal factors on meconium aspiration syndrome in full-term newborns and the construction of a column chart prediction model: An observational study.
To explore the influence of perinatal-related factors on meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) in full-term neonates and construct a nomogram prediction model for risk stratification of neonatal MAS and adoption of preventive measures. A total of 424 newborns and their mothers who were regularly examined at our hospital between January 2020 and December 2023 who had meconium-contaminated amniotic fluid during delivery were retrospectively selected as participants. Neonates were divided into MAS and non-MAS groups based on whether MAS occurred within 3 days after birth. ⋯ The model was also tested for goodness-of-fit deviation (χ2 = 3.465, P = .903). Decision curve analysis found that the model was clinically effective in predicting the net benefit of MAS risk in neonates with meconium-stained amniotic fluid. The construction of a column chart prediction model for neonatal MAS risk based on prenatal amniotic fluid index, gestational age, delivery method, amniotic fluid contamination level, newborn umbilical blood pH value, and Apgar 1-min score has a certain application value.
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Studies have suggested that Vitamin D deficiency is associated with the occurrence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and that vitamin D-binding proteins (VDBP) are necessary for metabolic stress in pancreatic α-cells. However, the causal relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, VDBP, and the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) remains unclear. Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to investigate the causal relationship between 25(OH)D, VDBP, and DM. ⋯ Sensitivity analysis indicated that horizontal pleiotropy was unlikely to bias causality in this study. MR analysis results demonstrated a positive causal relationship between VDBP levels and serum 25(OH)D levels in the European population. The 25(OH)D and VDBP levels were not causally related to an increased risk of diabetes.
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Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subset of cells with self-renewal ability and tumor generating potential. Accumulated evidence has revealed that CSCs were shown to contribute to tumorigenesis, metastasis, recurrence and resistance to chemoradiotherapy. Therefore, CSCs were regarded as promising therapeutic targets in cancer. ⋯ In 2016, the focus transitioned to the tumor microenvironment and the ecological niches. The analysis of papers published in major journals since 2021 showed that "transcription," "inhibition," and "chemoresistance" emerged as new focused issues. In general, the research focus has gradually shifted from basic biology to clinical transformation. "Tumor microenvironment" and "chemo-resistance" should be given more attention in the future.