Medicine
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Observational Study
Correlative expression of exosomal miRNAs in chemotherapy resistance of triple-negative breast cancer: An observational study.
Drug resistance in tumors is the primary contributor to clinical treatment failures, and aberrant expression of small RNA molecules, specifically microRNAs (miRNAs), in tumor tissues is intricately associated with drug resistance. The aim of this study is to investigate the targets and mechanisms through which exosomal miRNAs from triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) regulate chemotherapy resistance in tumor cells. Utilizing high-throughput sequencing technology, we conducted exosomal miRNA sequencing on serum samples obtained from TNBC patients who were either sensitive or resistant to AC-sequential T chemotherapy. ⋯ The observed differences in miRNA expression were further validated through quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In comparison to TNBC patients who exhibited sensitivity to the AC-sequential T regimen chemotherapy, we identified significant differences in the expression of 85 miRNAs within serum exosomes of patients displaying chemotherapy resistance. Furthermore, we observed a substantial difference in the expression of hsa-miR-6831-5p between TNBC patients who were responsive to chemotherapy and those who were drug-resistant and underwent treatment with the AC-sequential T regimen. hsa-miR-6831-5p holds the potential to serve as a diagnostic marker for assessing the chemosensitivity of the AC-sequential T regimen in TNBC.
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Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common type of malignant bone tumor, that poses a serious threat to the lives and health of children and adolescents. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) have gained attention for treating OS because of their potent anti-cancer effects and fewer side effects. It is commonly understood that Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino (GP) exhibits inhibitory effects on most tumors. ⋯ Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations show that a high affinity between quercetin and these targets, especially with the combination of TNF free energy (Δ Gbind) minimum, MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA is 42.85 kcal/mol, respectively, and 45.29 kcal/mol. The active ingredients Rhamnazin and Quercetin in Gypenoylum play a therapeutic role in OS through several key targets and pathways. This study provides ideas and references for further research on drug development.
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Observational Study
Association of high serum β2-microglobulin levels with poor functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke: A cohort study.
We evaluated the association between serum β2-microglobulin (β2M) levels and prognosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and determined whether the association was affected by any clinical variables. This prospective study included 533 patients with AIS who were admitted to the Hospital of Nanhua Affiliated with the University of South China for treatment from June 1, 2021, to July 31, 2022. Using multiple regression modeling, the association between serum β2M levels and poor functional outcomes-which were classified as being modified Rankin Scale scores of 3 to 6 (composite score of death and major disability), 3 to 5 (major disability), and 6 (death)-were assessed 3 months after stroke onset. ⋯ The risk prediction for the combined outcome of death and major disability improved after incorporating β2M levels into models that included conventional risk factors. Subgroup analysis revealed a significant impact on the association between serum β2M levels and poor functional outcomes only in patients with AIS whose time from onset to hospitalization was <12 hours (P for interaction < .05). Elevated serum β2M levels were associated with poor functional outcomes in patients with AIS, possibly affected by the time from onset to hospitalization.
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To characterize the clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes of juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (JIIM) with anti-melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 (MDA5) antibodies in a Chinese cohort. Anti-MDA5 antibody was detected by immunodot assay and indirect immunofluorescence assay on HEK293 cells in a series of Chinese JIIM cohort between 2005 and 2022. The clinical features, histological findings, and treatment outcomes of these anti-MDA5-antibody-positive patients were summarized. ⋯ Our study indicates that anti-MDA5 antibodies may not be common in Chinese JIIM. Anti-MDA5-positive JIIMs are characterized by typical skin lesions of dermatomyositis, normal CK levels, and increased major histocompatibility complex class-I expression. JIIMs with anti-MDA5 generally have good response to immunotherapies.
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Biliary system anomalies, such as duplicated gallbladders, are rare congenital conditions that present significant diagnostic challenges. Dr. Boyden's classification system, especially the H-type anomaly, offers vital insight into these variations. Failure to detect these anomalies preoperatively can increase the risk of surgical complications, making early identification crucial for surgical planning. ⋯ This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing biliary anomalies such as duplicated gallbladders to avoid complications during surgery. Preoperative identification, aided by imaging, and careful surgical planning are key to managing these rare conditions. The case contributes to the growing body of knowledge about biliary system anomalies and reinforces the need for comprehensive management strategies to ensure optimal patient outcomes.