Medicine
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Observational Study
Risk factors and severity of melasma in patients attending dermatology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital: A cross-sectional study.
Melasma is a chronic acquired dysfunction of melanogenesis characterized by dark brown irregular macules on skin. Genetic predisposition, pregnancy, sun exposure, and hormonal therapy are common risk factors. Prevalence of melasma is variable, ranging from 5% to 46%. ⋯ Moreover, the use of digital screens was not associated with an increase in melasma severity. Most of the cases had mild melasma. Severity was significantly associated with age, parity, pattern, practice of cosmetic use, and presence of dermatological comorbidities.
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Observational Study
Relationship between sleep quality and duration and the incidence rate of arthritis: A prospective cohort study.
Little is known about the relationship between sleep duration and quality and the risk of arthritis in the older adult population of China. The participants were a prospective cohort of adults aged 65 years and over who had not had arthritis at baseline and had participated in follow-up surveys from 2011 to 2018 in the Chinese Longitudinal Health and Longevity Survey (CLHLS). A Cox proportional-hazards regression model was established. ⋯ Specifically, compared with participants with good sleep quality, those with poor sleep quality had a 38% higher risk of developing arthritis (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09-1.74), and compared with participants with a sleep duration of 5 to 10 hours, those with a sleep duration shorter than 5 hours had a higher risk of developing arthritis (HR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.27-1.91). Moreover, the results of a restricted cubic spline Cox proportional-hazards regression model showed that there was an approximately non-linear dose-response relationship between sleep duration and the incidence rate of arthritis (P nonlinear < .0001). Participants with poor sleep quality and a sleep duration shorter than 5 hours had a higher risk of developing arthritis than those with better sleep quality and a longer sleep duration.
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The purpose of this research was to assess the association between sleep disorders and coronary heart disease (CHD) using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. This cross-sectional study included 9886 eligible participants with valid data on sleep disorders and CHD from the NHANES from 2011 to 2014. The complex NHANES sampling led to use of sample weights in analyses. ⋯ The correlation between sleep disorders and CHD varies by age and gender. Sleep disorders have some predictive value for CHD (0.5 < area under curve ≤ 0.7). Sleep disorders were associated with and predictive of CHD risk, warranting consideration in clinical assessments.
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To assess the impact of glucocorticosteroids with varying potencies on inflammatory mediators in tears and corneal optical density after femtosecond-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK). In a prospective study, 110 patients (220 eyes) who underwent FS-LASIK were divided into 2 groups: 55 patients (110 eyes) received dexamethasone, and another 55 patients (110 eyes) received fluorometholone. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and corneal optical density were measured before, 1 week, and 1 month after surgery. ⋯ In both the 0 to 2 mm and 2 to 6 mm intervals from the corneal apex, the optical density of the anterior corneal layer was significantly higher in the fluorometholone group compared to the dexamethasone group (P < .05). There was no statistically significant difference in visual acuity between the 2 groups at any postoperative time point. Short-term use of potent corticosteroids after FS-LASIK can swiftly address ocular surface inflammation, enhance corneal wound healing, reduce corneal edema, and accelerate the restoration of corneal transparency, in contrast to prolonged use of milder corticosteroids post-surgery.
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Observational Study
Factors associated with postoperative discharge readiness and continuing care needs in patients with lung cancer undergoing fast-track surgery: A prospective cohort study.
To investigate and analyze the characteristics and factors associated with readiness for hospital discharge and continuing care needs of postoperative patients with lung cancer undergoing fast-track surgery (FTS). FTS aims to reduce the body's stress response to surgery and improve patient outcomes. The study included adult patients with confirmed lung cancer who underwent lung cancer surgery under FTS management and were discharged from the Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, between June 2020 and September 2020. ⋯ Most patients with lung cancer undergoing FTS are discharge-ready. Discharge readiness is influenced by living conditions and self-care ability. This study identified factors influencing discharge readiness, and that could be used to identify patients who could benefit from help to improve discharge readiness.