Medicine
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Observational Study
Case-control analysis of hip fractures with concurrent benzodiazepine and opioid use and surgery class at a single teaching institution.
In this study, we analyze the relationship between polypharmacy and surgical treatment in a population at a single teaching institution. The design of the study is a case-control analysis of hip fractures. The setting is at a single teaching institution located in Galveston, Texas, USA. ⋯ In our patient population, opioid and/or benzodiazepine prescriptions were not significantly linked to hip fracture surgery, but documented alcohol use was found to be significant in both groups. We noted a higher prevalence of opioid and benzodiazepine prescriptions than was previously reported. As patients age, we should be cautious about the effects of polypharmacy and alcohol use and their impacts on the elderly.
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Observational Study
Clinical effect of anti-resistance exercise combined with nutritional intervention in the treatment of elderly patients with sarcopenia.
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a combined intervention involving resistance exercise and nutritional support in improving grip strength, walking speed, and skeletal muscle density among elderly individuals suffering from sarcopenia. Data from a cohort of 500 elderly sarcopenic patients were segregated into observation and control cohorts based on distinct treatment modalities. Baseline evaluations included weight, grip strength, walking speed, and skeletal muscle density. ⋯ Post-treatment, levels of Hcy, IFN-γ, and MDA markedly decreased in both groups, with considerably lower levels evident in the observation cohort (P < .05). Moreover, SOD levels exhibited significant post-treatment increments in both groups, with markedly higher levels observed in the observation group (P < .05). An integrated approach of resistance exercise and nutritional support significantly enhances grip strength, walking speed, and skeletal muscle density in elderly patients with sarcopenia, contributing to better prognoses and improved quality of life.
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Immunity and inflammation in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has gained more attention. This research aimed to investigate the potential causal connections between 731 immunophenotypes and the likelihood of developing PAH. We obtained immunocyte data and PAH from openly accessible database and used Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the causal association between each immunophenotype and PAH. ⋯ Sensitivity analyses suggested the robustness of all MR findings. This research, for the first time, has revealed indicative evidence of a causal link between circulating immune cell phenotypes and PAH through genetic mechanisms. These results underscore the importance of immune cells in the pathogenesis of PAH.
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To assess the impact of glucocorticosteroids with varying potencies on inflammatory mediators in tears and corneal optical density after femtosecond-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK). In a prospective study, 110 patients (220 eyes) who underwent FS-LASIK were divided into 2 groups: 55 patients (110 eyes) received dexamethasone, and another 55 patients (110 eyes) received fluorometholone. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and corneal optical density were measured before, 1 week, and 1 month after surgery. ⋯ In both the 0 to 2 mm and 2 to 6 mm intervals from the corneal apex, the optical density of the anterior corneal layer was significantly higher in the fluorometholone group compared to the dexamethasone group (P < .05). There was no statistically significant difference in visual acuity between the 2 groups at any postoperative time point. Short-term use of potent corticosteroids after FS-LASIK can swiftly address ocular surface inflammation, enhance corneal wound healing, reduce corneal edema, and accelerate the restoration of corneal transparency, in contrast to prolonged use of milder corticosteroids post-surgery.
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Observational Study
The value analysis of high-resolution thin-layer CT in the identification of early lung adenocarcinoma: An observation study.
The aim of this study was to explore the clinical value of high-resolution thin-layer computed tomography (CT) for the identification of early lung adenocarcinoma. Ninety patients with early lung adenocarcinoma who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital were selected as study subjects and divided into noninvasive (NIG, n = 51) and invasive (IG, n = 39) groups according to their pathological findings. Both groups underwent high-resolution target scanning. ⋯ The proportions of CT signs of lobulation, spicule, and vessel convergence were higher in the IG patients compared to the NIG (P < .05). High-resolution thin-layer CT for the diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma infiltration had an AUC of 0.6702 (P < .05), a diagnostic sensitivity of 64.10%, and a diagnostic specificity of 60.78%. High-resolution thin-layer CT had certain differential diagnostic efficacy for early lung adenocarcinoma, which clearly presents various CT signs of early lung adenocarcinoma lesions.