Medicine
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Contrast-MRI scans carry risks associated with the chemical contrast agents. Accurate prediction of enhancement pattern of gliomas has potential in avoiding contrast agent administration to patients. This study aimed to develop a machine learning radiomics model that can accurately predict enhancement pattern of gliomas based on T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery images. ⋯ This study demonstrated that the radiomics model comprising of 15 features using the Gaussian process as a classifier had the highest predictive performance in both the training cohort and the internal validation cohort, with the area under the curve being 0.88 and 0.80, respectively. This model showed an area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 0.81, 0.98, 0.61, 0.82, 0.76 and 0.96, respectively, in the external validation cohort. This study suggests that the T2-FLAIR-based machine learning radiomics model can accurately predict enhancement pattern of glioma.
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Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (SOVA), a rare cardiac malformation, is usually congenital and rarely acquired and most commonly occurring in the right coronary sinus. The clinical presentation of patients with SOVA varies. It is usually asymptomatic when it has not ruptured, and when it compresses neighboring structures or ruptures, it can lead to heart failure or shock, at which point urgent surgical intervention is usually required. Rupture of the sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (RSOVA) during pregnancy is really hard to come by, especially if the clinical presentations resemble that of an acute myocardial infarction. This report describes a pregnant woman with severe chest pain and hypotension with aVR and V1 ST-segment elevation due to RSOVA. ⋯ Progressive aneurysm dilatation or rupture has a poor prognosis. A thorough history and physical examination are fundamental, with echocardiography being the initial diagnostic tool of choice, and other ancillary tests (e.g., computed tomography) being used to complement and confirm the diagnosis. Surgery remains the current treatment of choice for patients with RSOVA, while the continuation of pregnancy in pregnant patients with RSOVA remains a case-by-case measure.
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Observational Study
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of asymptomatic and symptomatic neurosyphilis in HIV-infected patients: A retrospective study in China.
There are high rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum coinfection, HIV can increase the incidence and disability rate of neurosyphilis. However, there is a lack of data about the risk factors associated with the development of symptomatic neurosyphilis (SNS). We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of inpatients with concurrent syphilis and HIV infection who underwent a lumbar puncture and completed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination. ⋯ In multivariable logistic regression, high CSF WBC count (odds ratio = 1.08; P = .032) and previous treatment of syphilis (odds ratio = 0.01; P = .049) related to the SNS. Lack of antisyphilis treatment in the early stage of syphilis and a higher CSF WBC count are related risk factors for SNS in HIV-infected patients. Meningovascular neurosyphilis should get more attention in young patients with cryptogenic stroke.
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The association between dietary selenium intake and glaucoma remains unclear. Using data from the 2005 to 2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), this study aimed to investigate the relationship between glaucoma and dietary selenium intake. The study included subjects aged 40 years or older who participated in the NHANES dietary intake interview and vision health questionnaire. ⋯ This is the first study to look at the connection between dietary selenium intake and glaucoma based on the data from the 2005 to 2008 NHANES. Our findings suggested that dietary selenium intake maybe positively correlated with the risk of glaucoma in adults older than 40 years old. To find out the potential relationship between dietary selenium intake and glaucoma, More longitudinal studies are required.
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Observational Study
Associations between life's essential 8 and femoral neck bone mineral density among adults: A national population-based study.
Osteoporosis represents a significant public health issue, impacting both health outcomes and economic costs. This research investigates how cardiovascular health, as indicated by the LE8 score, correlates with bone mineral density (BMD). Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2011 to 2018 were analyzed in this cross-sectional analysis, including 9018 subjects following the exclusion of individuals lacking BMD or LE8 data. ⋯ Notably, a 10-point increment in the LE8 score was associated with a rise in BMD by 0.04 g/cm² [β = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.03-0.05]. The data indicate a strong positive association between cardiovascular health, as measured by LE8, and BMD. These results support the development of holistic health strategies that promote cardiovascular health to potentially improve bone density.