Medicine
-
Observational Study
Prevalence of and factors associated with cognitive frailty in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A cross-sectional study.
The status of cognitive frailty in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its influencing factors in China remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of and factors associated with cognitive frailty in elderly patients with COPD. This cross-sectional study enrolled elderly patients with stable COPD between May and November 2022 from the Respiratory Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. ⋯ Binary logistic regression analysis showed that sex (odds ratio [OR] = 0.009; 95%CI: 0.001-0.770; P = .038), depression (OR = 17.780; 95%CI: 1.092-289.478; P = .043), modified Medical Research Council grade 1-3 (OR = 28.394-4095.683; 95%CI: 1.086-4,592,652.211; P < .05), global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease grade 2 and 3 (OR = 32.508-282.072; 95%CI: 1.101-12,516.874; P < .05), and frequencies of acute exacerbations of COPD and hospitalizations within 1 year of 2 times (OR = 21.907; 95%CI: 4.587-104.622; P < .001) were independently associated with cognitive frailty. The prevalence of cognitive frailty in elderly patients with stable COPD was high. Female, depression, modified Medical Research Council grade, global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease grade, and frequencies of acute exacerbations of COPD and hospitalizations within 1 year might be the factors independently associated with cognitive frailty, educational level might be a protective associated factor for cognitive frailty.
-
Observational Study
Factors associated with postoperative discharge readiness and continuing care needs in patients with lung cancer undergoing fast-track surgery: A prospective cohort study.
To investigate and analyze the characteristics and factors associated with readiness for hospital discharge and continuing care needs of postoperative patients with lung cancer undergoing fast-track surgery (FTS). FTS aims to reduce the body's stress response to surgery and improve patient outcomes. The study included adult patients with confirmed lung cancer who underwent lung cancer surgery under FTS management and were discharged from the Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, between June 2020 and September 2020. ⋯ Most patients with lung cancer undergoing FTS are discharge-ready. Discharge readiness is influenced by living conditions and self-care ability. This study identified factors influencing discharge readiness, and that could be used to identify patients who could benefit from help to improve discharge readiness.
-
To assess the impact of glucocorticosteroids with varying potencies on inflammatory mediators in tears and corneal optical density after femtosecond-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK). In a prospective study, 110 patients (220 eyes) who underwent FS-LASIK were divided into 2 groups: 55 patients (110 eyes) received dexamethasone, and another 55 patients (110 eyes) received fluorometholone. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and corneal optical density were measured before, 1 week, and 1 month after surgery. ⋯ In both the 0 to 2 mm and 2 to 6 mm intervals from the corneal apex, the optical density of the anterior corneal layer was significantly higher in the fluorometholone group compared to the dexamethasone group (P < .05). There was no statistically significant difference in visual acuity between the 2 groups at any postoperative time point. Short-term use of potent corticosteroids after FS-LASIK can swiftly address ocular surface inflammation, enhance corneal wound healing, reduce corneal edema, and accelerate the restoration of corneal transparency, in contrast to prolonged use of milder corticosteroids post-surgery.
-
Serum hemoglobin plays an important role in bone metabolism. However, the association between serum hemoglobin levels and bone mineral density (BMD) remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between serum hemoglobin levels and lumbar spine BMD in adults. ⋯ Additionally, smooth curve fitting and threshold effect analyses showed a negative correlation between the serum hemoglobin level and the lumbar spine BMD, with a saturation effect at 15 g/dL. Our findings demonstrated an association between hemoglobin levels and the lumbar spine BMD in adults, characterized by a nonlinear relationship. Thus, monitoring the serum hemoglobin level could aid in the early detection of risks associated with bone metabolic disorders such as osteoporosis.
-
Observational Study
Risk factors and severity of melasma in patients attending dermatology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital: A cross-sectional study.
Melasma is a chronic acquired dysfunction of melanogenesis characterized by dark brown irregular macules on skin. Genetic predisposition, pregnancy, sun exposure, and hormonal therapy are common risk factors. Prevalence of melasma is variable, ranging from 5% to 46%. ⋯ Moreover, the use of digital screens was not associated with an increase in melasma severity. Most of the cases had mild melasma. Severity was significantly associated with age, parity, pattern, practice of cosmetic use, and presence of dermatological comorbidities.