JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Effect of Intravitreal Aflibercept vs Laser Photocoagulation on Treatment Success of Retinopathy of Prematurity: The FIREFLEYE Randomized Clinical Trial.
Laser photocoagulation, which is the standard treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), can have adverse events. Studies of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections have suggested efficacy in the treatment of ROP, but few studies have directly compared them with laser treatments. ⋯ Among infants with ROP, intravitreal aflibercept compared with laser photocoagulation did not meet criteria for noninferiority with respect to the primary outcome of the proportion of infants achieving treatment success at week 24. Further data would be required for more definitive conclusions regarding the comparative effects of intravitreal aflibercept and laser photocoagulation in this population.
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Unhealthful dietary patterns, low levels of physical activity, and high sedentary time increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. ⋯ Healthy diet and physical activity behavioral counseling interventions for persons without a known risk of CVD were associated with small but statistically significant benefits across a variety of important intermediate health outcomes and small to moderate effects on dietary and physical activity behaviors. There was limited evidence regarding the long-term health outcomes or harmful effects of these interventions.
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The COVID-19 pandemic caused a large decrease in US life expectancy in 2020, but whether a similar decrease occurred in 2021 and whether the relationship between income and life expectancy intensified during the pandemic are unclear. ⋯ This retrospective analysis of census tract-level income and mortality data in California from 2015 to 2021 demonstrated a decrease in life expectancy in both 2020 and 2021 and an increase in the life expectancy gap by income level relative to the prepandemic period that disproportionately affected some racial and ethnic minority populations. Inferences at the individual level are limited by the ecological nature of the study, and the generalizability of the findings outside of California are unknown.