JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Two-Year Outcomes After Minimally Invasive Surfactant Therapy in Preterm Infants: Follow-Up of the OPTIMIST-A Randomized Clinical Trial.
The long-term effects of surfactant administration via a thin catheter (minimally invasive surfactant therapy [MIST]) in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome remain to be definitively clarified. ⋯ In this follow-up study of a randomized clinical trial of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome supported with CPAP, MIST compared with sham treatment did not reduce the incidence of death or NDD by 2 years of age. However, infants who received MIST had lower rates of adverse respiratory outcomes during their first 2 years of life.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Muvalaplin, an Oral Small Molecule Inhibitor of Lipoprotein(a) Formation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) is associated with atherosclerotic disease and aortic stenosis. Lp(a) forms by bonding between apolipoprotein(a) (apo[a]) and apo B100. Muvalaplin is an orally administered small molecule that inhibits Lp(a) formation by blocking the apo(a)-apo B100 interaction while avoiding interaction with a homologous protein, plasminogen. ⋯ Muvalaplin, a selective small molecule inhibitor of Lp(a) formation, was not associated with tolerability concerns and lowered Lp(a) levels up to 65% following daily administration for 14 days. Longer and larger trials will be required to further evaluate safety, tolerability, and effect of muvalaplin on Lp(a) levels and cardiovascular outcomes.
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Comparative Study
Treatment Failure and Adverse Events After Amoxicillin-Clavulanate vs Amoxicillin for Pediatric Acute Sinusitis.
Acute sinusitis is one of the most common indications for antibiotic prescribing in children, with an estimated 4.9 million such prescriptions in the US annually. Consensus does not exist regarding the optimal empirical antibiotic. ⋯ In children with acute sinusitis who were treated as outpatients, there was no difference in the risk of treatment failure between those who received amoxicillin-clavulanate compared with amoxicillin, but amoxicillin-clavulanate was associated with a higher risk of gastrointestinal symptoms and yeast infections. These findings may help inform decisions for empirical antibiotic selection in acute sinusitis.
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Practice Guideline
Screening for Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: US Preventive Services Task Force Final Recommendation Statement.
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are among the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality in the US. The rate of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy has been increasing from approximately 500 cases per 10 000 deliveries in 1993 to 1021 cases per 10 000 deliveries in 2016 to 2017. ⋯ The USPSTF recommends screening for hypertensive disorders in pregnant persons with blood pressure measurements throughout pregnancy. (B recommendation).