JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association
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Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Enduring effects of nurse home visitation on maternal life course: a 3-year follow-up of a randomized trial.
A home visitation program using nurses to improve maternal and child outcomes had favorable results in a randomized trial with a primarily white, semirural population. Many of the short-term findings have been replicated with urban blacks, but whether the program will continue to demonstrate effectiveness after its conclusion is uncertain. ⋯ We found enduring effects of a home visitation program on the lives of black women living in an urban setting. While these results were smaller in magnitude than those achieved in a previous trial with white women living in a semirural setting, the direction of the effects was consistent across the 2 studies.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Ketoconazole for early treatment of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. The ARDS Network.
Three clinical studies have suggested that ketoconazole, a synthetic imidazole with anti-inflammatory activity, may prevent the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in critically ill patients. However, the use of ketoconazole as treatment for acute lung injury (ALI) and ARDS has not been previously studied. ⋯ In these patients with ALI or ARDS, ketoconazole was safe and bioavailable but did not reduce mortality or duration of mechanical ventilation or improve lung function. These data do not support the use of ketoconazole for the early treatment of ALI or ARDS.
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Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and sleep apnea have been linked to hypertension in previous studies, but most of these studies used surrogate information to define SDB (eg, snoring) and were based on small clinic populations, or both. ⋯ Our findings from the largest cross-sectional study to date indicate that SDB is associated with systemic hypertension in middle-aged and older individuals of different sexes and ethnic backgrounds.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Efficacy and safety of sertraline treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized controlled trial.
Despite the high prevalence, chronicity, and associated comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the community, few placebo-controlled studies have evaluated the efficacy of pharmacotherapy for this disorder. ⋯ Our data suggest that sertraline is a safe, well-tolerated, and effective treatment for PTSD.