JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association
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To examine the effect of hormone replacement therapy on life expectancy in postmenopausal women with different risk profiles for heart disease, breast cancer, and hip fracture. ⋯ The benefit of hormone replacement therapy in reducing the likelihood of developing CHD appears to outweigh the risk of breast cancer for nearly all women in whom this treatment might be considered. Our analysis supports the broader use of hormone replacement therapy.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Efficacy of midodrine vs placebo in neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. A randomized, double-blind multicenter study. Midodrine Study Group.
To evaluate the efficacy of a 10-mg dose of midodrine 3 times per day in improving blood pressure (BP) and ameliorating symptoms of orthostatic hypotension in patients with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. Midodrine hydrochloride, an alpha-agonist, could improve orthostatic BP by increasing vasomotor and venomotor tone. ⋯ Midodrine is efficacious and safe in the treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension.
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A small group of editors of general medical journals met informally in Vancouver, British Columbia, in 1978 to establish guidelines for the format of manuscripts submitted to their journals. The group became known as the Vancouver Group. Its requirements for manuscripts, including formats for bibliographic references developed by the US National Library of Medicine (NLM), were first published in 1979. ⋯ The fifth edition (1997) is an effort to reorganize and reword the fourth edition to increase clarity and address concerns about rights, privacy, descriptions of methods, and other matters. The total content of the Uniform Requirements may be reproduced for educational, not-for-profit purposes without regard for copyright; ICMJE encourages distribution of the material. Journals that agree to use the Uniform Requirements (over 500 do so) are asked to cite the 1997 document in their instructions to authors.
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To determine if journals' instructions for authors require that manuscripts being considered for publication indicate that studies involving human subjects had appropriate institutional review board (IRB) approval. ⋯ The results of this study suggest that about half of the 102 English-language biomedical research journals listed in the 1995 Abridged Index Medicus do not publish guidelines indicating that IRB approval of studies involving human research subjects is a requirement for publication. The manner in which publication requirements related to ethical standards are presented in biomedical research journals is extremely variable.