JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Five-year findings of the hypertension detection and follow-up program. II. Mortality by race-sex and age. Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Group.
Data are reported for four race-sex and three age subgroups of the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program (HDFP). Throughout the HDFP trial, for black men, black women, white men, and white women and for persons aged 30 to 49, 50 to 59, and 60 to 69 years at entry, control of blood pressure was consistently better for Stepped Care (SC) than Referred Care (RC) participants. This difference in degree of control was least for white women; it was less for whites than for blacks of the same sex. For white men, black men, and black women and for age subgroups 50 to 59 and 60 to 69 years, five-year all-cause death rates were substantially lower--by 15% to 28%--for the SC subgroups compared to the RC subgroups.
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When a person dies of cardiovascular causes during recreational running, the public frequently assumes the exercise caused the death. For a statistical perspective, the number of cardiovascular deaths while running that occurs by chance alone is estimated. ⋯ However, if runners resemble the white male population, then 15 deaths would occur from cardiovascular disease per year while running and 104 during the associated period. Thus, four to 104 cardiovascular deaths per year are predicted on a purely temporal basis in white men while running.