The Journal of family practice
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The gut microbiome, sometimes referred to as the "organ" we do not know we have, is a dynamic ecosystem that plays an important role in human health and disease. Alterations in the gut microbiome (dysbiosis) are associated with wide-ranging disease states, including metabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Growing evidence suggests improved gut microbiome composition from targeted microbiome interventions leads to improvement in glycemic control in patients with T2D.
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At the end of the activity, participants will be able to:Summarize important findings and trends involving women and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Characterize the multiple cardiometabolic changes that occur during menopause and the associated ASCVD risk. Discuss the challenges of assessing ASCVD risk and dyslipidemia management in women. Identify women with elevated ASCVD risk and implement guideline-recommended statin therapy.
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This oral anti-inflammatory agent may offer a low-cost option for prevention of cardiovascular events in this patient population.
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The use of opioids in acute pain may be appropriate in some situations, but there are opportunities to reduce exposure to opioids with equally effective monotherapy and combination therapy over-thecounter (OTC) medications. There are a number of OTC analgesics that are readily accessible and costeffective options to treat pain. ⋯ Nonopioid OTC analgesics, such as NSAIDs and the NSAID/acetaminophen combination, are safe and effective firstline options for managing acute dental pain according to the American Dental Association. The American College of Physicians supports the use of NSAIDs as first-line therapy for the treatment of low back pain.
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains underrecognized by patients and clinicians in the primary care setting, largely due to its asymptomatic presentation in early stages. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors have demonstrated kidney-protective effects in clinical trials-including in patients with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D)-and there are several proposed mechanisms for these benefits. Dapagliflozin and canagliflozin are SGLT2 inhibitors with indications for CKD, and only dapagliflozin is indicated for CKD in patients without T2D. Clinically relevant adverse events associated with SGLT-2 inhibitors include volume depletion, diabetic ketoacidosis, and genital mycotic infections.