The Journal of family practice
-
For men age > or =75 years, the USPSTF recommends against screening for prostate cancer. This is a USPSTF grade D recommendation. The task force found at least fair evidence that screening is ineffective or that harms outweigh benefits. ⋯ This is a USPSTF "I" statement. The evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against routinely providing screening. Evidence on effectiveness is lacking, of poor quality, or conflicting, and the balance of benefits and harms cannot be determined.
-
GRADE A RECOMMENDATIONS (based on good-quality patient-oriented evidence): Advise patients to stay active and continue ordinary activity within the limits permitted by pain, avoid bed rest, and return to work early, which is associated with less disability. Consider McKenzie exercises, which are helpful for pain radiating below the knee. Recommend acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) if medication is necessary. ⋯ Discuss the use of proper body mechanics and safe back exercises for injury prevention. Refer for goal-directed manual physical therapy if there is no improvement in 1 to 2 weeks, not modalities such as heat, traction, ultrasound, or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. Do not refer for surgery in the absence of red flags.