Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
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Mannosidosis, an inherited lysosomal storage disease, was diagnosed in two purebred Angus calves in the United States. Calf 1 was 5 months old and calf 2 was 7 months old when they were necropsied. Both calves had a history of progressive incoordination and ataxia. ⋯ Histologic examination revealed intracytoplasmic vacuolation of neurons throughout spinal cord and brain as well as in exocrine pancreatic cells, reticuloendothelial cells of the liver, and medullary sinusoids of lymph nodes. Biochemical study of 61 blood samples from the first calf's herd revealed bimodal distribution of enzyme activity for mannosidase. Two populations could be distinguished in that herd, those with normal mannosidase activity and those heterozygous for the disease.
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Between May 1, 1976 through May 14, 1977, feces from 1,056 five-day-old babies in newborn nurseries were examined by electron microscopy, of which 343 (32.5%) contained rotavirus. Rotaviruses were prevalent throughout the study period, but infection reached its peak during the winter months of December 1976 and January 1977, at which time 46% and 49% of babies, respectively, were excreting rotaviruses. Infection occurred substantially less frequently among breast-fed babies. ⋯ Viral particles in feces of breast-fed babies frequently appeared in clumps, which usually contained complete smooth viral particles. Analysis of feeding charts in one of the wards revealed that infection was usually asymptomatic because only 15 of 189 (8%) babies had enteritis. None of these babies had symptoms of sufficient severity to necessitate treatment.
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J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. · Feb 1977
ReviewSampling and storage of blood for pH and blood gas analysis.
Techniques used in sampling and storage of a blood sample for pH and gas measurements can have an important effect on the measured values. Observation of these techniques and principles will minimize in vitro alteration of the pH and blood gas values. To consider that a significant change has occurred in a pH or blood gas measurement from previous values, the change must exceed 0.015 for pH, 3 mm Hg for PCO2, 5 mm Hg for PO2, and 2 mEq/L for [HCO-3] or base excess/deficit. ⋯ A blood sample can be stored for up to 30 minutes at room temperature without significant change in acid-base values but only up to 12 minutes before significant changes occur in PO2. A blood sample can be stored for up to 3.5 hours in an ice-water bath without significant change in pH and for 6 hours without significant change in PCO2 or PO2. Variations of body temperatures from normal will cause a measurable change in pH and blood gas values when the blood is exposed to the normal water bath temperatures of the analyzer.