British journal of clinical pharmacology
-
Br J Clin Pharmacol · Mar 2008
Comparative StudyLimited frequency of the CYP2C19*17 allele and its minor role in a Japanese population.
A novel CYP2C19 gene variant, CYP2C19*17, is associated with increased metabolic activity. Ethnic differences in the frequency of the variant allele have been reported. However, the frequency of the CYP2C19*17 allele has not been studied in the Japanese population. ⋯ The low frequency of CYP2C19*17 and the absence of *17/*17 indicates that CYP2C19*17 plays a minor role in the Japanese population.
-
Br J Clin Pharmacol · Mar 2008
Comparative StudyRelative lung deposition of salbutamol following inhalation from a spacer and a Sidestream jet nebulizer following an acute exacerbation.
What is already known about this subject. Studies have shown that a large volume spacer attached to a metered dose inhaler provides similar bronchodilator effects to nebulized dosing during the management of patients following an acute exacerbation. Due to the high doses used, these effects could be measured at the top of the dose-response relationship and the response limited due to the patient's exacerbation. Although clinical end-points are the gold standard to show comparability, some indication of similar lung deposition is useful to consolidate any claims. What this study adds. The urinary pharmacokinetic method we have used postinhalation provides an index of lung deposition for inhalation methods that can be incorporated into the routine management of patients with an acute exacerbation. This is the first study to identify and compare lung deposition and systemic delivery for inhalation methods within the setting of the routine management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients following hospitalization due to an acute exacerbation. The study highlights the comparability of the doses for the two inhalation methods evaluated with respect to lung deposition, systemic delivery and bronchodilator response. ⋯ The relative lung deposition after inhaling 500 mug salbutamol from MDI + SP is similar to 5 mg from a Sidestream nebulizer following an acute exacerbation.
-
Br J Clin Pharmacol · Feb 2008
Comparative StudyThe effects of electronic prescribing on the quality of prescribing.
Electronic prescribing has been shown to reduce prescribing errors in US hospitals. However we know little about its effect on prescribing quality, or its effectiveness in UK hospitals where systems for medication prescribing and supply are very different. Hospital pharmacists already review prescriptions to both detect errors and improve prescription quality. ⋯ EP improved the quality of prescribing by reducing both prescribing errors and pharmacists' clinical interventions. Prescribers and pharmacists need to be aware of new types of error with EP, so that they can best target their activities to reduce clinical risk. Pharmacists may need to change the way they work to complement, rather than duplicate, the benefits of EP.
-
Br J Clin Pharmacol · Jan 2008
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative StudyA comparison of serum antivenom concentrations after intravenous and intramuscular administration of redback (widow) spider antivenom.
There are no studies measuring antivenom concentrations following intramuscular administration. This study aimed to compare antivenom concentrations following intravenous and intramuscular administration of redback spider antivenom (RBSAV). ⋯ RBS AV given by the intramuscular route is unlikely to be effective in the treatment of redback (widow) spider bite.