British journal of clinical pharmacology
-
Br J Clin Pharmacol · Jul 1994
Comparative StudyInfluence of endothelium and surgical preparation on responses of human saphenous vein and internal thoracic artery to angiotensin II.
1. The saphenous vein (SV) and internal thoracic artery (ITA) are the most commonly used conduits for coronary artery bypass surgery (CABS). The ITA shows better long term patency than the SV, at least in part due to their different responses to agonists, as well as physical differences between the ITA and SV at the time of grafting. 2. ⋯ Loss of endothelial function was seen in 25% of FSV, 50% of PSV and 33% of ITA. 5. A II caused concentration dependent contractions in all rings, over the same concentration range (1 nM-100 nM). In rings of FSV the presence of functional endothelium attenuated the response, median values with endothelium being less than half that without endothelium (P < 0.0007, at 100 nM).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
-
Br J Clin Pharmacol · Mar 1994
Multicenter StudyMulticentre hospital drug utilization study on the prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism. The Venous Thromboembolism Study Group of the Spanish Society of Clinical Pharmacology.
1. Thromboembolic disease (TED) is an important cause of in-hospital morbidity and mortality. Although different prophylactic approaches have been shown to be effective and cost-effective, surveys have suggested that they are underused. ⋯ Prophylactic measures were used in 320 patients (34%). Of these, 297 (93%) received heparin, mainly as low molecular weight heparins (248, 78%); physical measures were rarely used. 5. Five hundred and eighty-three patients (62%) fulfilled criteria for moderate or high risk of venous thromboembolism; only 275 (47%) of them received any form of prophylaxis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
-
Br J Clin Pharmacol · Feb 1994
Inhibitory effects of calcium antagonists on alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated contraction in the human internal mammary artery.
1. The internal mammary artery has become a preferred coronary bypass graft. Sympathomimetic amines are spasmogens for vasospasm and calcium antagonists are frequently administered drugs perioperatively. ⋯ Pretreatment with nifedipine (200 nM) only slightly inhibited the MO- (1.74 +/- 0.32 vs 2.88 +/- 0.56 g) or NA- (2.43 +/- 0.66 vs 3.60 +/- 0.82 g) induced contraction without statistical significance (P > 0.05). 6. On the other hand, nifedipine only caused 34.49% relaxation in the MO-precontracted and 24.39% relaxation in the NA-precontracted IMAs. In contrast, GTN caused 76.16% (against MO, P < 0.05) or 92.22% (against NA, P < 0.0001) relaxation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
-
Br J Clin Pharmacol · Nov 1993
Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical TrialAnalgesic efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in experimental pain in humans.
1. The aim of this study was to establish a simple and reliable experimental pain model that could distinguish the analgesic effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) treatment from placebo in human volunteers. 2. The reproducibility and reliability over time of subject pain ratings was compared using cutaneous electrical stimuli applied to either the thenar eminence or the ear lobe at varying intensities and modes. ⋯ The latter sensation was more reproducible, and was perceived as a burning pain which is akin to clinical pain. 4. Analgesics from the NSAID class were found to attenuate reliably only 'second pain' sensations. The analgesic effects of ibuprofen (ibuprofen vs placebo: 0.12 +/- 0.09 vs 0.02 +/- 0.07 volt h(-1), P = 0.03; 95% confidence interval for differences (CI): 0.03-0.18) and diflunisal (diflunisal vs placebo: 0.29 +/- 0.40 vs 0.005 +/- 0.27 volt h(-1), P = 0.0001; CI: 0.168-0.407), respectively, could be distinguished from placebo.
-
Br J Clin Pharmacol · Oct 1993
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialCirculatory effects of the PDE-inhibitors piroximone and enoximone.
1. The isolated circulatory response to intravenous application of the phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors piroximone and enoximone was studied. 2. In a randomized sequence of 30 male patients undergoing elective aortocoronary bypass grafting either piroximone (0.5 mg kg(-1); n = 10) or enoximone (0.5 mg kg(-1); n = 10) were given during steady state of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). ⋯ Piroximone and enoximone showed significant vasodilatory properties at the arterial and venous side (= 'venous pooling'), from which patients with heart failure would profit. 7. Vasodilation could be observed for a longer period and was more pronounced in the enoximone-treated than in the piroximone patients. Alterations in capillary skin blood flow measured by laser Doppler technique gave evidence for an improvement in nutritive microcirculation, which was slightly more pronounced in the enoximone patients.