Journal of neurosurgery
-
Journal of neurosurgery · Jun 2016
ReviewGraph theory analysis of complex brain networks: new concepts in brain mapping applied to neurosurgery.
Neuroanatomy has entered a new era, culminating in the search for the connectome, otherwise known as the brain's wiring diagram. While this approach has led to landmark discoveries in neuroscience, potential neurosurgical applications and collaborations have been lagging. ⋯ Next they highlight selected insights into healthy brain function that have been derived from connectome analysis and illustrate how studies into normal development, cognitive function, and the effects of synthetic lesioning can be relevant to neurosurgery. Finally, they provide a précis of early applications of the connectome and related techniques to traumatic brain injury, functional neurosurgery, and neurooncology.
-
Journal of neurosurgery · Jun 2016
Stroke prevention by direct revascularization for patients with adult-onset moyamoya disease presenting with ischemia.
OBJECT Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a progressive disease that can cause recurrent stroke. The authors undertook this retrospective case-control study with a large sample size in an attempt to assess the efficacy of direct or combined revascularization surgery for ischemia in adults with MMD. METHODS The authors investigated cases involving patients with moyamoya disease presenting with ischemia who visited Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University Hospital between 2000 and 2014. ⋯ However, the actuarial 1- and 5-year rates of ischemic stroke did not significantly differently between the groups. Overall, revascularization surgery was shown to be an independent protective factor, as revealed by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Direct or combined revascularization for patients with adult-onset moyamoya disease presenting with ischemia can prevent further stroke.
-
Journal of neurosurgery · Jun 2016
Case ReportsSomatic IDH1 mutation in a pituitary adenoma of a patient with Maffucci syndrome.
Maffucci syndrome is a rare disease characterized by multiple enchondromas and soft-tissue hemangiomas. Additionally, neuroendocrine tumors including pituitary adenomas have been described in these patients. The underlying genetic etiology lies in somatic mosaicism of mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) or isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2). ⋯ DNA sequencing demonstrated identical IDH1 mutations (c.394C > T) in both tumors. To the authors' knowledge, this report provides the first genetic evidence for the inclusion of pituitary adenomas among tumors characterizing Maffucci syndrome. In patients who are newly diagnosed with Maffucci syndrome, it is appropriate to monitor for development of pituitary pathology and neuroendocrine dysfunction.
-
Journal of neurosurgery · Jun 2016
Comparative StudyComparison of 7.0- and 3.0-T MRI and MRA in ischemic-type moyamoya disease: preliminary experience.
OBJECT The authors compared the image quality and diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 7.0-T and 3.0-T MRI and time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiography (MRA) in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD). METHODS MR images of 15 patients with ischemic-type MMD (8 males, 7 females; age 13-48 years) and 13 healthy controls (7 males, 6 females; age 19-28 years) who underwent both 7.0-T and 3.0-T MRI and MRA were studied retrospectively. The main intracranial arteries were assessed by using the modified Houkin's grading system (MRA score). ⋯ Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that, according to the T2 criteria, 7.0-T MRI/MRA was more sensitive (sensitivity 1.000; specificity 0.933) than 3.0-T MRI/MRA (sensitivity 0.692; specificity 0.933) in diagnosing MMD; based on the TOF criteria, 7.0-T MRI/MRA was more sensitive (1.000 vs 0.733, respectively) and more specific (1.000 vs 0.923, respectively) than 3.0-T MRI/MRA. CONCLUSIONS Compared with 3.0-T MRI/MRA, 7.0-T MRI/MRA detected and delineated MMVs more clearly and provided higher diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, although it did not show significant improvement in depicting main intracranial arteries. The authors speculate that 7.0-T MRI/MRA is a promising technique in the diagnosis of MMD because it is noninvasive compared with conventional angiography and it is more sensitive than 3.0-T MRI/MRA.
-
Journal of neurosurgery · Jun 2016
Decompressive hemicraniectomy: predictors of functional outcome in patients with ischemic stroke.
OBJECT Patients presenting with large-territory ischemic strokes may develop intractable cerebral edema that puts them at risk of death unless intervention is performed. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of outcome for decompressive hemicraniectomy (DH) in ischemic stroke. METHODS The authors conducted a retrospective electronic medical record review of 1624 patients from 2006 to 2014. ⋯ Multivariate analysis demonstrated elevated odds of poor functional outcome associated with a history of stroke (OR 9.14 [95% CI 1.78-47.05]; p = 0.008), MLS > 10 mm (OR 5.15 [95% CI 1.58-16.79; p = 0.007), a history of diabetes (OR 5.63 [95% CI 1.52-20.88]; p = 0.01), delayed time from onset of stroke to DH (OR 1.32 [95% CI 1.02-1.72]; p = 0.037), and evidence of pupillary dilation prior to DH (OR 4.19 [95% CI 1.06-16.51]; p = 0.04). Patients with infarction involving the dominant hemisphere had higher odds of unfavorable functional outcome at 90 days (OR 4.73 [95% CI 1.36-16.44]; p = 0.014), but at the latest follow-up, cerebral dominance was not significantly related to outcome (OR 1.63 [95% CI 0.61-4.34]; p = 0.328). CONCLUSIONS History of stroke, diabetes, myocardial infarction, peak MLS > 10 mm, increasing duration from onset of stroke to DH, and presence of pupillary dilation prior to intervention are associated with a worse functional outcome.