Journal of neurosurgery
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Journal of neurosurgery · Jul 2019
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomes improve functional recovery after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage in the rat.
Previous studies have demonstrated that transplanted multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) improve functional recovery in rats after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In this study the authors tested the hypothesis that administration of multipotent MSC-derived exosomes promotes functional recovery, neurovascular remodeling, and neurogenesis in a rat model of ICH. ⋯ MSC-derived exosomes effectively improve functional recovery after ICH, possibly by promoting endogenous angiogenesis and neurogenesis in rats after ICH. Thus, cell-free, MSC-derived exosomes may be a novel therapy for ICH.
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Journal of neurosurgery · Jul 2019
Rear Admiral (Astronaut) Alan Shepard: Ménière's disease and the race to the moon.
On May 5, 1961, Alan B. Shepard Jr. piloted the Freedom 7 craft into a suborbital flight to become the first American man in space. His promising astronautical career was soon scuttled by spells of dizziness and tinnitus later diagnosed as Ménière's disease, until William F. ⋯ In 1968 House implanted an endolymphatic-subarachnoid shunt, which at the time was a virtually experimental procedure. Shepard's debilitating Ménière's disease was cured, but not quite in time for him to pilot the doomed Apollo 13 mission; he was reassigned to Apollo 14 and as a result would step foot on the moon on February 5, 1971. This historical vignette depicts the tale of how the career trajectories of Shepard and House-two notable figures in their respective fields-fatefully intersected.
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Journal of neurosurgery · Jul 2019
Subcortical stimulation mapping of descending motor pathways for perirolandic gliomas: assessment of morbidity and functional outcome in 702 cases.
Herein, the authors report their experience with intraoperative stimulation mapping to locate the descending subcortical motor pathways in patients undergoing surgery for hemispheric gliomas within or adjacent to the rolandic cortex, with particular description of the morbidity and functional outcomes associated with this technique. ⋯ Stimulation mapping allows surgeons to identify the descending motor pathways during resection of tumors in perirolandic regions and to attain an acceptable rate of morbidity in these high-risk cases.
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Journal of neurosurgery · Jul 2019
Clinical and biological significance of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma with CTNNB1 mutation.
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (adaCP). However, there is no evidence that the CTNNB1 mutation activates the target gene of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and it is unknown whether it affects the tumorigenesis of adaCP. To assess the effect of the CTNNB1 mutation of adaCP, the authors analyzed the correlation between the mutation and clinical, radiological, pathological, and biological findings. ⋯ These results raise the possibility that the CTNNB1 mutation in adaCP may be associated with disease recurrence, and genes related to the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway might represent a therapeutic target.
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Journal of neurosurgery · Jul 2019
The correlation between accumulation of amyloid beta with enhanced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment after intraventricular hemorrhage.
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is found in approximately 40% of intracerebral hemorrhages and is associated with increased mortality and poor functional outcome. Cognitive impairment is one of the complications and occurs due to various pathological changes. Amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation and neuroinflammation, and the Alzheimer disease-like pathology, may contribute to cognitive impairment. Iron, the degradation product of hemoglobin, correlates with Aβ. In this study, the authors investigated the correlation between Aβ accumulation with enhanced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in a rat model of IVH. ⋯ Aβ accumulation and enhanced neuroinflammation have a role in cognitive impairment after IVH. A potential therapeutic method requires further investigation.