Journal of neurosurgery
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Journal of neurosurgery · Nov 2022
Overview of the microanatomy of the human brainstem in relation to the safe entry zones.
The primary objective of this anatomical study was to apply innovative imaging techniques to increase understanding of the microanatomical structures of the brainstem related to safe entry zones. The authors hypothesized that such a high-detail overview would enhance neurosurgeons' abilities to approach and define anatomical safe entry zones for use with microsurgical resection techniques for intrinsic brainstem lesions. ⋯ PLI and 11.7-T MRI data show that a neurosurgeon possibly does not need to consider the microanatomical structures that would not be visible on conventional MRI and tractography when entering the mentioned safe entry zones. However, the detailed anatomical images may help neurosurgeons increase their understanding of the internal architecture of the human brainstem, which in turn could lead to safer neurosurgical intervention.
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Journal of neurosurgery · Nov 2022
A taxonomy for brainstem cavernous malformations: subtypes of pontine lesions. Part 1: basilar, peritrigeminal, and middle peduncular.
Brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCMs) are complex, difficult to access, and highly variable in size, shape, and position. The authors have proposed a novel taxonomy for pontine cavernous malformations (CMs) based upon clinical presentation (syndromes) and anatomical location (findings on MRI). ⋯ The neurological symptoms and key localizing signs associated with a hemorrhagic pontine subtype can help to define that subtype clinically. The proposed taxonomy for pontine CMs meaningfully guides surgical strategy and may improve patient outcomes.
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Journal of neurosurgery · Nov 2022
Multivariate models to predict pain recurrence and sensitive complications after percutaneous balloon compression in trigeminal neuralgia.
Percutaneous balloon compression (PBC) is a popular treatment option for trigeminal neuralgia. However, the efficacy of PBC is widely considered to be associated with the occurrence of sensitive complications, although neither this correlation nor the underlying mechanisms have been established. The objectives of the present study were to identify factors predicting time to pain recurrence after PBC and identify factors predicting a severe sensitive complication. ⋯ These results show that the risk of postoperative complications can be assessed at the patient level, the most important modifiable parameter being the time of compression by the balloon. Although this study shows the relevance of a personalized medicine approach, its clinical application remains to be validated.
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Journal of neurosurgery · Nov 2022
The development of ultra-high field MRI guidance technology for neuronavigation.
Magnetic resonance imaging at 7T offers improved image spatial and contrast resolution for visualization of small brain nuclei targeted in neuromodulation. However, greater image geometric distortion and a lack of compatible instrumentation preclude implementation. In this report, the authors detail the development of a stereotactic image localizer and accompanying imaging sequences designed to mitigate geometric distortion, enabling accurate image registration and surgical planning of basal ganglia nuclei. ⋯ A skull-contoured image localizer that accounts for image distortion is necessary to enable high-accuracy 7T imaging-guided targeting for surgical neuromodulation. These results may enable improved clinical efficacy for the treatment of neurological disease.
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Journal of neurosurgery · Nov 2022
The spectrum of brachial plexopathy from perineural spread of breast cancer.
Perineural spread of breast cancer to the brachial plexus can lead to pain, sensory alterations, and upper-extremity weakness. Although rare, perineural spread is an often-misdiagnosed long-term complication following breast cancer diagnosis. The objective of this study was to critically review the clinical, radiological, and pathological findings of biopsy-proven perineural spread of breast cancer to the brachial plexus. ⋯ Perineural spread should be considered in patients with a history of breast cancer, even 10 years after primary diagnosis, especially in patients who present with arm pain, weakness, and/or sensory changes. Further diagnostic workup with electrodiagnostic studies; brachial plexus MRI, PET/CT, or PET/MRI; and possibly nerve biopsy is warranted to ensure accurate diagnosis.