Journal of neurosurgery
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Journal of neurosurgery · Dec 1999
Early alterations in cerebral hemodynamics, brain metabolism, and blood-brain barrier permeability in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage.
The authors sought to ascertain the nature of the hemodynamic and metabolic derangement underlying acute pathophysiological events that occur after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). ⋯ Profound reductions in CPP and brain oxygenation after ICH may rapidly exhaust hemodynamic compensation and, thus, impede cerebral homeostasis; however, these reductions only modestly enhance anaerobic glycolysis. Furthermore, the data suggest that a selective increase in permeability, rather than anatomical disruption, of the BBB is involved in the acute pathophysiological events that occur after ICH, which may provide a possible gateway for systemic arterial lactate entering the SSS.
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Journal of neurosurgery · Nov 1999
Case ReportsIatrogenic pneumocephalus secondary to intravenous catheterization. Case report.
The presence of pneumocephalus in a patient without a history of undergoing intracranial or intrathecal procedures is a significant radiographic finding that portends a violation of the dural barrier or the presence of infection. The authors report a case of iatrogenic pneumocephalus that confounded the evaluation of a patient with unrelated neurological disorders, resulting in unnecessary transfer of the patient and utilization of medical resources. ⋯ Computerized tomography scans revealing pneumocephalus had been obtained for altered mental status, focal motor deficit, seizure, and trauma. More careful intravenous catheterization and recognition of the condition on imaging may avoid similar problems.
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Journal of neurosurgery · Nov 1999
The impact of raised intracranial pressure on cerebral venous hemodynamics: a prospective venous transcranial Doppler ultrasonography study.
The effect of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) on cerebral venous blood flow has been the subject of very few clinical and experimental studies. The authors assessed the usefulness of venous transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography as a noninvasive monitoring tool for predicting raised ICP. ⋯ Venous TCD studies may provide an additional noninvasive monitoring tool for raised ICP and give further insights into the cerebral venous hemodynamics present during raised ICP.
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Journal of neurosurgery · Nov 1999
Clinical TrialIncreased incidence and impact of nonconvulsive and convulsive seizures after traumatic brain injury as detected by continuous electroencephalographic monitoring.
The early pathophysiological features of traumatic brain injury observed in the intensive care unit (ICU) have been described in terms of altered cerebral blood flow, altered brain metabolism, and neurochemical excitotoxicity. Seizures occur in animal models of brain injury and in human brain injury. Previous studies of posttraumatic seizures in humans have been based principally on clinical observations without a systematic approach to electroencephalographic (EEG) recording of seizures. The purpose of this study was to determine prospectively the incidence of convulsive and nonconvulsive seizures by using continuous EEG monitoring in patients in the ICU during the initial 14 days post-injury. ⋯ Seizures occur in more than one in five patients during the 1st week after moderate-to-severe brain injury and may play a role in the pathobiological conditions associated with brain injury.
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Journal of neurosurgery · Nov 1999
Clinical TrialTreatment of cerebral origin spasticity with continuous intrathecal baclofen delivered via an implantable pump: long-term follow-up review of 18 patients.
The goal of this study was to assess the long-term benefits of managing severe spasticity by using continuous infusion of intrathecal baclofen delivered via an implantable pump. ⋯ Long-term continuous infusion of intrathecal baclofen delivered via an implantable pump offers an effective method for dealing with otherwise intractable spasticity.