Pain
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Comparative Study
Functional assessment of pediatric pain patients: psychometric properties of the functional disability inventory.
The Functional Disability Inventory (FDI; Walker LS, Greene JW. The functional disability inventory: measuring a neglected dimension of child health status. J Pediatr Psychol 1991;16:39-58) assesses activity limitations in children and adolescents with a variety of pediatric conditions. ⋯ Internal consistency reliability was excellent, ranging from .86 to .91. Validity was supported by significant correlations of child- and parent-report FDI scores with measures of school-related disability, pain, and somatic symptoms. Study results add to a growing body of empirical literature supporting the reliability and validity of the FDI for functional assessment of pediatric patients with chronic pain.
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Symptom duration is integral to clinical and epidemiological research on pain. It is widely used for sample selection and commonly assessed in clinical practice. However, there has been little specific investigation of the link between duration and outcome. ⋯ In conclusion, memory of LBP episode duration is associated with pain, disability and psychological status, and is an independent predictor of time to improvement. There are important differences between people who recall more or less than 3 years' duration. Mechanisms for these associations are poorly understood, but this research suggests that duration itself is an important focus for research.
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Comparative Study
Localization of touch versus heat pain in the human hand: a dissociative effect of temporal parameters on discriminative capacity and decision strategy.
We studied the influence of temporal parameters on localization of monofilament-evoked touch versus thulium laser-induced and C fiber-mediated pain in human subjects. Stimuli were applied at interstimulus intervals (ISIs) varying from 1 to 9 s to determine discrimination between successive stimulus sites in the palmar skin. Localization threshold was about two times higher for heat pain than touch. ⋯ Additionally, temporal factors dissociatively influence the response strategy in the tactile versus pain localization task with the prolongation of the ISI from 1 to 9 s. Due to this strategy change, localization threshold for touch remains constant at prolonged ISIs, in spite of a decrease in discriminative capacity. In a cutaneous localization task, the subject's accuracy and response strategy vary with the modality and temporal parameters of sequential test stimulation.
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Comparative Study
Processing capacity in chronic pain patients: a visual event-related potentials study.
Chronic pain may impair performance on attentional processing capacity tasks. In the present study, event-related potentials were recorded to examine whether pain patients show performance decrements on attentional processing capacity tasks due to shared resources by pain and attention or, alternatively, due to deficits in allocating attentional resources during pain. Fourteen chronic pain patients and thirty age and education matched healthy controls were investigated. ⋯ For healthy controls, the expected decreased amplitude was found for probe stimuli in the difficult compared to the easy task. In contrast, the pain patients did not show decreased probe amplitudes with increasing task load. The data may imply that allocation of attentional resources is deficient in pain patients, instead of attentional capacity.
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Comparative Study
Local interactions between anandamide, an endocannabinoid, and ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, in acute and inflammatory pain.
Anandamide, an endocannabinoid, is degraded by the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase which can be inhibited by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The present work was designed to study the peripheral interactions between anandamide and ibuprofen (a non-specific cyclooxygenase inhibitor) in the rat formalin test. We first determined the ED50 for anandamide (0.018 microg +/- 0.009), ibuprofen (0.18 microg +/- 0.09), and their combination (0.006 microg +/- 0.002). ⋯ In conclusion, locally (hind paw) injected anandamide, ibuprofen or combination thereof decreased pain behavior in the formalin test. The combination of anandamide with ibuprofen produced synergistic antinociceptive effects involving both cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors. Comprehension of the mechanisms involved needs further investigation.