Pain
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Musculoskeletal (MSK) pain is frequently reported among adolescents and children and is a common reason for consultation in primary care. Our aim is to examine its prevalence in 6-year-old children in a general population and to assess associations with physical and psychosocial factors. Data from the Generation R Study, a population-based cohort, was used. ⋯ Multivariable analysis showed significant associations for MSK pain at 3 years of age (odds ratio 5.10, 95% confidence interval 3.25-7.98) and behavioral problems (odds ratio 2.10, 95% confidence interval 1.19-3.72) with the presence of MSK pain. So, MSK pain is already common in young children and is often chronic or recurrent. Previous reported MSK pain and behavioral problems are independently associated with MSK pain in the studied population.
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Poststroke complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is characterized by swelling, pain, and changes in the skin that appear on the affected wrist and hand. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the relationship between poststroke CRPS and the location of stroke lesion. From all patients admitted to our hospital from 2009 to 2019, we recruited 80 patients affected by their first unilateral stroke who met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. ⋯ Analyses using voxel-wise subtraction and Liebermeister statistics indicated that the corticospinal tract (CST) was associated with the development of poststroke CRPS. Statistically significant correlations were found between pain intensity and the CST and the adjacent lentiform nucleus. Our results suggest that the CST may be a relevant neural structure for development of poststroke CRPS and the intensity of pain caused by the syndrome.
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Empathetic perspective-taking (PT) may be critical in modulating attention and associated responses to another's pain. However, the differential effects of imagining oneself to be in the pain sufferer's situation ("Self-perspective") or imagining the negative impacts on the pain sufferer's experience ("Other-perspective") on attention have not been studied. The effects of observer PT (Self vs Other) and level of facial pain expressiveness (FPE) upon attention to another person's pain was investigated. ⋯ The proportion of total gaze duration on pain faces was higher in both experimental conditions than the Control condition. This effect was moderated by FPE in the Self-PT condition; there was a significant increase from low to high FPE. When observers attend to another's facial display of pain, top-down influences (such as PT) and bottom-up influences (such as sufferer's FPE) interact to control deployment and maintenance of attention.