European urology
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Therapy for urothelial carcinoma appears poised for a breakthrough on the basis of information regarding molecular subtypes and promising activity of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Precision medicine may be possible using rational marker-driven trial designs with enriched information from tumor genotyping and extreme responders.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Prospective, randomized, multinational study of prostatic urethral lift versus transurethral resection of the prostate: 12-month results from the BPH6 study.
Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is considered the gold standard for male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, TURP may lead to sexual dysfunction and incontinence, and has a long recovery period. Prostatic urethral lift (PUL) is a treatment option that may overcome these limitations. ⋯ In this study, participants who underwent prostatic urethral lift responded significantly better than those who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate as therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia with regard to important aspects of quality of life.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Long-term outcome of patients with frequently recurrent non-muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma treated with one perioperative plus four weekly instillations of mitomycin C followed by monthly bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) or alternating BCG and interferon-α2b instillations: prospective randomised FinnBladder-4 study.
Recurrent TaT1 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients should be treated with immediate instillation of chemotherapy after transurethral resection of bladder tumour followed by instillation therapy. ⋯ We demonstrated in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients with exceptionally frequent recurrences that the risk of long-term recurrence was reduced from 78-80% to 43-45% if one perioperative plus four weekly mitomycin C instillations were followed by monthly bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) instillations for 1 yr instead of alternating instillations of BCG and interferon-α2b.
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Technological advances in radiation therapy delivery have permitted the use of high-dose-per-fraction radiation therapy (RT) for early-stage prostate cancer (PCa). Level 1 evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of hypofractionated RT is evolving as this modality becomes more widely utilized and refined. ⋯ Hypofractionation for prostate cancer delivers relatively high doses of radiation per treatment. Prospective studies support the safety of moderate hypofractionation, while extreme fractionation may have greater toxicity. Both show promising cancer control but long-term results of noninferiority studies of both methods are required before use in routine treatment outside of clinical protocols.