Drug and alcohol dependence
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Apr 2019
Internalizing and externalizing factors on the pathway from adverse experiences in childhood to non-medical prescription opioid use in adulthood.
Research demonstrates strong associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and non-medical prescription opioid use (NMPO), but pathways are not understood, hindering prevention and treatment responses. ⋯ Internalizing and externalizing factors partially explained the pathway from ACEs to NMPO. Substance abuse may be more difficult to treat with co-occurring psychopathologies and maladaptive behaviors, highlighting the need to address trauma early in life.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Apr 2019
Comparative StudyPrescription opioid misuse among African-American adults: A rural-urban comparison of prevalence and risk.
Prescription opioid misuse (POM) remains a public health concern in the United States. Although the problem has been studied extensively, little research attention is paid to POM among African-Americans (AAs), and even fewer studies consider rural status in their analysis. The goal of this study, therefore, was to identify and compare prevalence and predictors of POM among rural and urban AA adults using data from a nationally representative sample. ⋯ Results indicate that AA nonmedical prescription opioid users are not a monolith and have distinct demographic, clinical, and psychosocial profiles based on geographic region. Because AAs have been virtually ignored in the POM literature, our findings are an important step towards understanding POM among this understudied group. These results invite additional investigation into AA POM and encourage researchers to consider rural status in their analysis of POM among AAs.