The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Jan 2014
Multicenter StudyInvasive candidiasis in intensive care units in China: in vitro antifungal susceptibility in the China-SCAN study.
The objectives of this study were to determine species distribution and in vitro antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates identified in the multicentre China-SCAN study of invasive Candida infection (ICI) in intensive care units (ICUs) across China. ⋯ Although C. albicans was the predominant single species, non-albicans species constituted >50% of isolates. Fluconazole susceptibility was lower in most non-albicans species, indicating that fluconazole resistance should be closely monitored. Susceptibility to voriconazole, amphotericin B and caspofungin is encouraging. Differences between these data and those from other regions emphasize the importance of assessing regional variations.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Jan 2014
Clinical TrialPopulation pharmacokinetics of piperacillin and tazobactam in critically ill patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy: application to pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis.
To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of piperacillin/tazobactam in critically ill patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and to assess the success of the therapy against susceptible bacteria. ⋯ Population pharmacokinetic models have been developed and validated for piperacillin and tazobactam. Based on the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis, dosing recommendations are given considering the residual renal function of the patient and the MIC for the isolated bacteria.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Jan 2014
Clinical TrialPharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of extended-infusion piperacillin/tazobactam in adult patients with cystic fibrosis-related acute pulmonary exacerbations.
Given the high frequency of acute pulmonary exacerbations due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), piperacillin/tazobactam is commonly used in empirical regimens. While extended-infusion piperacillin/tazobactam has been employed as one strategy to optimize this agent's pharmacodynamics, this approach has not been well characterized in patients with CF. The objectives of this study were to characterize the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of extended-infusion piperacillin/tazobactam in adult patients with CF and derive optimized piperacillin/tazobactam dosing recommendations. ⋯ Intensive prolonged infusion regimens are the best option to ensure optimal exposures against most susceptible isolates in adult patients with CF.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Jan 2014
Antiretroviral medication prescribing errors are common with hospitalization of HIV-infected patients.
Errors in prescribing antiretroviral therapy (ART) often occur with the hospitalization of HIV-infected patients. The rapid identification and prevention of errors may reduce patient harm and healthcare-associated costs. ⋯ Errors in inpatient ART were common, and the majority were never detected. The most common errors involved omission of medication, and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors had the highest rate of prescribing error. Interventions to prevent and correct errors are urgently needed.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Dec 2013
Community-associated Clostridium difficile infection among older people in Tayside, Scotland, is associated with antibiotic exposure and care home residence: cohort study with nested case-control.
To estimate the risks of community-associated Clostridium difficile infection (CA-CDI) among the population aged ≥ 65 years associated with antibiotic exposure and care home residence. ⋯ Our results have two important implications. First, they validate the classification of 4C antibiotics and fluoroquinolones in primary care as high risk for CA-CDI. Second, they demonstrate the importance of prior antibiotic exposure and place of residence for risk assessment by primary care prescribers.