The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Jan 2010
BPR2-D2 targeting viral ribonucleoprotein complex-associated function inhibits oseltamivir-resistant influenza viruses.
The emergence of oseltamivir-resistant viruses raised the global threat with regard to influenza virus infection. To develop alternative antiviral agents against influenza virus infection is significant and urgent. ⋯ BPR2-D2 was identified as a novel inhibitor of influenza virus. It may target viral RNPs that are responsible for viral RNA synthesis. Targeting different molecules compared with NA allows BPR2-D2 to inhibit oseltamivir-resistant viruses.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Dec 2009
Non-compliance with recommendations for the practice of antibiotic prophylaxis and risk of surgical site infection: results of a multilevel analysis from the INCISO Surveillance Network.
The aim of this study was to determine which surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) practices alter surgical site infection (SSI) risk. ⋯ A too-short SAP duration was the most important SAP malpractice associated with an increased risk of SSI. Information directed at practitioners should be reinforced based on standard recommendations.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Dec 2009
Clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT): a UK perspective.
Outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) is an effective treatment strategy for a wide variety of infections as long as clinical risk is minimized by conforming to practice guidelines. However, its cost-effectiveness has not been established in the setting of the UK National Health Service. We examined the clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of an OPAT service based in a large UK teaching hospital, predominantly using the outpatient 'infusion centre' and patient/carer administration models of service delivery. ⋯ Using this service model, OPAT is safe and clinically effective, with low rates of complications/readmissions and high levels of patient satisfaction. OPAT is cost-effective when compared with equivalent inpatient care in the UK healthcare setting.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Dec 2009
Augmented effect of early antibiotic treatment in mice with experimental lung infections due to sequentially adapted mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Effects of treatment with tobramycin initiated 1 or 24 h post-infection were investigated in a new version of a pulmonary infection model in mice. The model reflects the differentiated behaviour of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mucoid strains isolated from the lungs of one chronically infected cystic fibrosis (CF) patient at different time periods during chronic lung infection. ⋯ A significant reduction in the number of bacteria was observed when initiating treatment 1 h post-infection compared with initiating treatment after 24 h, although the latest isolate avoided complete clearance. Early antibiotic treatment directed at the mucoid phenotype in mice also reduced the inflammation and, thereby, the lung tissue damage.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Nov 2009
Multicenter StudyOccurrence of vancomycin-tolerant and heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate strains (hVISA) among Staphylococcus aureus causing bloodstream infections in nine USA hospitals.
The bactericidal activities of vancomycin and daptomycin were evaluated in a large collection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia strains from nine major USA medical centres. ⋯ The most frequently used criteria to define hVISA, i.e. MET reading values > or =8 mg/L for both vancomycin and teicoplanin or > or =12 mg/L for teicoplanin only, detected 20 of 36 PAP-positive strains (55.6% sensitivity), indicating that the prevalence of hVISA could be higher than currently appreciated. Daptomycin was bactericidal against hVISA strains.