The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Apr 2006
Review Meta AnalysisThe role of aminoglycosides in combination with a beta-lactam for the treatment of bacterial endocarditis: a meta-analysis of comparative trials.
The addition of an aminoglycoside to a beta-lactam for the treatment of patients with infective endocarditis has been supported by data from laboratory and animal studies. ⋯ The limited evidence from the available prospective comparative studies does not offer support for the addition of an aminoglycoside to beta-lactam treatment of patients with endocarditis caused by Gram-positive cocci. A large multicentre RCT is necessary to reach a definitive conclusion on this issue.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Apr 2006
Review Meta AnalysisAntifungal agents for preventing fungal infections in non-neutropenic critically ill and surgical patients: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
This study aims to systematically identify and summarize the effects of antifungal prophylaxis in non-neutropenic critically ill adult patients on all-cause mortality and the incidence of invasive fungal infections. ⋯ Prophylaxis with fluconazole or ketoconazole in critically ill patients reduces invasive fungal infections by one-half and total mortality by one-quarter. Although no significant increase in azole-resistant Candida species associated with prophylaxis was demonstrated, trials were not powered to exclude such an effect. In patients at increased risk of invasive fungal infections, antifungal prophylaxis with fluconazole should be considered.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Apr 2006
Comparative StudyCaspofungin: antifungal activity in vitro, pharmacokinetics, and effects on fungal load and animal survival in neutropenic rats with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.
Evaluation of the potential of caspofungin, in relation to pharmacokinetics, in order to optimize its use in the treatment of filamentous fungal infections. ⋯ The therapeutic efficacy of caspofungin is superior to amphotericin B, which seemed to be discrepant with their in vitro antifungal activity.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Mar 2006
Randomized Controlled TrialEfficacy and safety of twice-daily pharmacokinetically enhanced amoxicillin/clavulanate (2000/125 mg) in the treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia in a country with a high prevalence of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae.
This randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of pharmacokinetically enhanced amoxicillin/clavulanate 2000/125 mg twice daily versus amoxicillin/clavulanate 875/125 mg three times daily, both given orally for 7 or 10 days, in the treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia in Spain, a country with a high prevalence of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. ⋯ Both treatment regimens were well tolerated. Amoxicillin/clavulanate 2000/125 mg was at least as effective clinically and as safe as amoxicillin/clavulanate 875/125 mg in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in adults in a country with a high prevalence of penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae and has a more convenient twice daily posology.