The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · May 2003
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialEfficacy of ertapenem in the treatment of serious infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae: analysis of pooled clinical trial data.
The efficacy of ertapenem, 1 g once a day, for treatment of adults with serious infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae was compared with ceftriaxone 1 g once a day [complicated urinary tract infection (CUTI) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)] or piperacillin-tazobactam, 3.375 g every 6 h (complicated intra-abdominal, complicated skin/skin structure and acute pelvic infections). ⋯ Ertapenem therapy was as effective as either piperacillin-tazobactam or ceftriaxone for serious infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · May 2003
Clinical TrialTarget site penetration of fosfomycin in critically ill patients.
The present study was undertaken to investigate the target site penetration properties of fosfomycin, an antibiotic particularly suitable for treatment of soft tissue infections (STIs) in critically ill patients. ⋯ Fosfomycin concentrations in muscle interstitium and plasma exceeded the MICs for a range of clinically relevant pathogens in critically ill patients. Thus, fosfomycin exhibits a tissue pharmacokinetic profile, which appears to offer an alternative to other broad-spectrum antibiotics in intensive care patients suffering from STI.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Apr 2003
Effects of the antimitotic natural product dolastatin 10, and related peptides, on the human malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
Microtubule inhibitors from several chemical classes can block the growth and development of malarial parasites, reflecting the importance of microtubules in various essential parasite functions. With the spread of antimalarial drug resistance, there is an urgent need for new approaches to the chemotherapy of this devastating disease. We investigated the effects of two naturally occurring marine peptides, dolastatin 10 and dolastatin 15, and 10 synthetic dolastatin 10-based compounds (auristatins), on cultured malarial parasites of the species most lethal to humans, Plasmodium falciparum. ⋯ Dolastatin 10 and auristatin PE caused arrested nuclear division and apparent disassembly of mitotic microtubular structures in the parasite. The effects of these agents were, superficially at least, similar to those of vinblastine but different from those of paclitaxel. These studies indicate that compounds binding in the 'Vinca domain' of tubulin can be highly potent antimalarial agents.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Apr 2003
Teicoplanin therapeutic drug monitoring in critically ill patients: a retrospective study emphasizing the importance of a loading dose.
Data obtained as part of our routine drug monitoring of teicoplanin therapy (therapeutic drug monitoring, TDM) in adult critically ill patients being treated for suspected or documented Gram-positive multiresistant infections were assessed, retrospectively. Data were available for 202 patients (146 male, 56 female; age 58 +/- 16 years) with a total number of 829 teicoplanin trough plasma levels (C(min)) assessed. The percentage of patients with adequate teicoplanin concentrations (C(min) >/= 10 mg/L) during the treatment period substantially increased from 3.2% on day 2, to 35%, 70%, 90% and approximately 95% on days 4, 7, 11 and 15, respectively. ⋯ Among the possible causes for the reluctance to use a loading dose, concern over the potential nephrotoxicity of teicoplanin was a major factor. We conclude that loading doses of teicoplanin (6 mg/kg every 12 h for at least three doses) must be considered mandatory in all patients, regardless of their renal function, to enable optimal drug concentrations to be achieved early in the treatment period. Subsequently, TDM is important to ensure that dose regimens are optimized to the individual requirements of the patients.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Sep 2002
Risk factors and predictors of mortality of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia in HIV-infected patients.
To define the incidence, risk factors and short-term predictors of mortality of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia in HIV-infected patients. ⋯ Individual exposure to beta-lactams, in association with a history of multiple hospitalizations and low CD4+ cell number, plays a pivotal role as a risk factor for the development of methicillin resistance in HIV-infected patients. Methicillin resistance does not influence the outcome of S. aureus bacteraemia when included in a multivariate analysis.