Addictive behaviors
-
Addictive behaviors · Apr 2019
Development and psychometric validation of a novel measure of sensory expectancies associated with E-cigarette use.
E-cigarette dependence measures largely focus on e-cigarette use ("vaping") that is linked to nicotine use, and measures assessing sensory aspects of vaping that may influence use (e.g., taste) are limited in scope. Thus, we developed the novel Sensory E-cigarette Expectancies Scale (SEES). ⋯ The SEES evidenced good psychometric properties, suggesting that the measure can be used to assess sensory vaping expectancies in adults. Importantly, SEES scores indicated that sensory expectancies are related, yet distinct, from nicotine dependence. Future research should evaluate how SEEs relate to product characteristic preferences and patterns of vaping including the development and maintenance of addiction.
-
Addictive behaviors · Apr 2019
U.S. adult perceptions of the harmfulness of tobacco products: descriptive findings from the 2013-14 baseline wave 1 of the path study.
This study is the first nationally representative survey of U.S. adults (18+) to examine perceptions of the relative harms of eight non-cigarette tobacco products. ⋯ Perceptions of harmfulness varied widely across non-cigarette tobacco products. E-cigarettes and hookah in particular are seen as less harmful compared to cigarettes.
-
Addictive behaviors · Apr 2019
Electronic nicotine delivery systems (e-cigarettes) as a smoking cessation aid: A survey among pharmacy staff in Queensland, Australia.
This study examined views of pharmacy staff regarding the safety of e-cigarettes compared to nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs) and conventional cigarettes, as well as views on their regulation in Australia. ⋯ There is a need to provide evidence-based and customised education for pharmacists regarding e-cigarettes to help them guide their clients.
-
Addictive behaviors · Apr 2019
Impact of messages about scientific uncertainty on risk perceptions and intentions to use electronic vaping products.
The science surrounding e-cigarettes and other electronic vaping products (EVPs) is rapidly evolving, and the health effects of vaping are unclear. Little research has explored how individuals respond to information acknowledging scientific uncertainty. The aim of the present study was to understand the impact of messages about scientific uncertainty regarding the health effects of vaping on risk perceptions and behavioral intentions. ⋯ Acknowledging scientific uncertainty made EVP use seem less risky. Future research should explore possible drivers of this response, such as deeper message processing or emotional reactions. Researchers and practitioners designing public health campaigns about vaping might consider a cautious approach to presenting information about scientific uncertainty.
-
Addictive behaviors · Mar 2019
Randomized Controlled TrialTesting a brief motivational-interviewing educational commitment module for at-risk college drinkers: A randomized trial.
The goal of the present study was to test the drink and harm reduction effects of a novel educational commitment (EC) module as a complement to a standard brief MI protocol (i.e., the Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students; BASICS, Dimeff, Baer, Kivlahan, & Marlatt, 1999). ⋯ The differential efficacy between the BASICS and BASICS+EC conditions compared to the Information condition reinforces the utility of in-person feedback modalities as more intensive indicated prevention strategies for at-risk college drinkers. The limited differential efficacy for BASICS+EC compared to BASICS suggests a brief MI module for the academic/vocational aspects of the student role is not associated with greater long-term drink and harm reduction. Future research should examine more intensive educational commitment modalities, the utility of on-going academic goal and action feedback, and mechanisms of differential efficacy across intervention groups.