Addictive behaviors
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Addictive behaviors · Dec 2018
ReviewThe impact and relevance of tobacco control research in low-and middle-income countries globally and to the US.
International and cross-cultural research is critical for understanding multilevel influences on health, health behaviors, and disease. A particularly relevant area of need for such research is tobacco control. The tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threats globally, killing over 7 million people a year. ⋯ This paper provides some concrete examples of how such research has advanced our knowledge-base and informed practice and policy globally, particularly in high-income countries including the US. Some prominent themes emphasized in this manuscript include: the development of knowledge regarding the diverse tobacco products on the market; better understanding of tobacco use and its impact among different populations; generating knowledge about the impacts including unintended consequences of tobacco control policy interventions; and better understanding tobacco industry strategies and informing advocacy efforts. In summary, international tobacco control research, particularly in LMICs, is critical in effectively and efficiently building the evidence base to advance tobacco control research, policy, and practice globally, including the US, with the ultimate goal of curbing the tobacco epidemic.
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Addictive behaviors · Dec 2018
Difficulties in emotion regulation and chronic pain-related disability and opioid misuse.
Risk for opioid misuse is a crucial consideration for patients with chronic pain, given the recent high rates of opioid-related deaths in the U. S. Emotion regulation difficulties may be associated with chronic pain outcomes such as opioid misuse, but may also be amenable to intervention. ⋯ A one-point increase in DERS-18 score is associated with 19% greater odds of being at risk for misuse as measured by the SOAPP-R, and 16% greater odds on the COMM. In ROC analyses, the DERS-18 is a good predictor of risk on the SOAPP-R (AUC = .85) and COMM (.83), with cut-off scores in the mid-30s exhibiting good sensitivity and specificity. Difficulties in emotion regulation are associated with poorer functioning and with greater risk of opioid misuse in this population, but may be amenable to intervention.
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Addictive behaviors · Nov 2018
The Pregnancy Recovery Center: A women-centered treatment program for pregnant and postpartum women with opioid use disorder.
To evaluate the impact of women-centered substance abuse treatment programming on outcomes among pregnant women with opioid use disorder (OUD). ⋯ Incorporating women-centered services into OUD treatment programming may improve gender-specific outcomes among women with OUD.
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Addictive behaviors · Nov 2018
Randomized Controlled TrialEngagement in online pain self-management improves pain in adults on medication-assisted behavioral treatment for opioid use disorders.
Persistent pain has been recognized as an important motivator that can lead individuals to misuse opioids. New approaches are needed to test pain treatments that can improve outcomes for people with persistent pain in medication-assisted behavioral treatment for opioid use disorder. This study piloted an online pain self-management program to explore acceptability and treatment effects. ⋯ Our results suggest the online pain self-management program content may be helpful for managing physical and emotional symptoms experienced by individuals with co-occurring pain and opioid use disorders. To improve online engagement, more support is necessary to assist with technology access and completion of online activities.
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The United States (US) is in the midst of an epidemic of opioid use; however, overdose mortality disproportionately affects certain subgroups. For example, more than half of state prisoners and approximately two-thirds of county jail detainees report issues with substance use. Overdose is one of the leading causes of mortality among individuals released from correctional settings. ⋯ However, there is an opportunity to implement programs across the CJ continuum in collaboration with law enforcement, courts, correctional facilities, community service providers, and probation and parole. In the current paper, we introduce the concept of a "CJ Continuum of Care for Opioid Users at Risk of Overdose", grounded by the Sequential Intercept Model. We present each step on the CJ Continuum and include a general overview and highlight opportunities for: 1) screening for OUD and overdose risk, 2) treatment and/or diversion, and 3) overdose prevention and naloxone provision.