Addictive behaviors
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Addictive behaviors · Apr 2013
Multicenter StudyLevel of cigarette consumption and quit behavior in a population of low-intensity smokers--longitudinal results from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) survey in Mexico.
Mexican smokers are more likely to be non-daily smokers and to consume fewer cigarettes per day than smokers in other countries. Little is known about their quit behaviors. ⋯ Mexican adult smokers who are non-daily smokers were more likely than daily heavy smokers to have attempted to quit during follow-up and to succeed in their quit attempt. Future research should determine whether tobacco control policies and programs potentiate this tendency and which interventions are needed to help heavier smokers to quit.
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Addictive behaviors · Apr 2013
Comparative StudyRisky drinking in the older population: a comparison of Florida to the rest of the US.
While alcohol use has traditionally been thought to decrease with age, several recent studies have shown an increase in heavy drinking among retirees. Florida's unique population distribution that includes a higher proportion of elderly residents warrants an in-depth look at the drinking patterns in the elderly and how they may differ from those in other areas of the country. However, state-level comparisons of excessive alcohol consumption are limited. ⋯ Excessive alcohol consumption is an important modifiable risk factor for cancer, cardiovascular disease, and liver disease; a reduction among the elderly has great potential to reduce disease burden. Although Floridians overall were less likely to be risky drinkers than the rest of the US, almost a third of the Florida population reported this behavior. It is, therefore, an important public health concern, particularly in Florida's older population who are more likely to engage in this behavior than their counterparts in the rest of the US.
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Addictive behaviors · Mar 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialPredictors of cessation in African American light smokers enrolled in a bupropion clinical trial.
This is the first study to examine predictors of successful cessation in African American (AA) light smokers treated within a placebo-controlled trial of bupropion. ⋯ Baseline cotinine levels, number of years smoked and study session attendance are associated with both short- and long-term smoking cessation, while bupropion and the type of cigarette smoked were associated with quitting on short term only.
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Addictive behaviors · Mar 2013
Prescription opioid use among addictions treatment patients: nonmedical use for pain relief vs. other forms of nonmedical use.
Differences between those who engage in nonmedical prescription opioid use for reasons other than pain relief and those who engage in nonmedical use for reasons related to pain only are not well understood. ⋯ Among patients in addictions treatment, individuals who report nonmedical use of prescription opioids for reasons other than pain relief represent an important clinical sub-group with greater substance use severity and poorer mental health functioning.
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Addictive behaviors · Mar 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialProject reduce: reducing alcohol and marijuana misuse: effects of a brief intervention in the emergency department.
Brief interventions (BI) for alcohol misuse and recently for marijuana use for emergency department patients have demonstrated effectiveness. We report a 12-month outcome data of a randomized controlled trial of emergency department (ED) patients using a novel model of BI that addresses both alcohol and marijuana use. ⋯ BI for alcohol and marijuana decreased binge drinking and conjoint use in our treatment group. BI appears to offer a mechanism to reduce risky alcohol and marijuana use among ED patients but expected reductions in consequences of use such as injury were not found 12months after the ED visit.