Addictive behaviors
-
Addictive behaviors · Jul 2008
Substance use disorders among inhalant users: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on alcohol and related conditions.
To assess the prevalence, correlates, and age of onset of DSM-IV substance use disorders (SUDs) among adult inhalant users. ⋯ Lifetime and past-year SUDs are prevalent among adults with a history of inhalant use.
-
Addictive behaviors · Feb 2008
Multicenter StudySociodemographic and smoking-related psychosocial predictors of smoking behavior change among high school smokers.
The purpose of the study was to explore whether sociodemographic characteristics and baseline psychosocial factors were related to short-term smoking cessation and reduction, after controlling for the effects of participating in a virtual world, Internet chat room intervention. Results indicate that smoking-related psychosocial factors are important predictors of adolescent smoking cessation and reduction, independent of the effects of participating in the intervention. Self-efficacy for quitting, social support, and perceived benefits of quitting was related to positive short-term changes in smoking behavior.
-
Addictive behaviors · Feb 2008
Beyond the "Binge" threshold: heavy drinking patterns and their association with alcohol involvement indices in college students.
Despite its ubiquity, the term "Binge" drinking has been controversial. Among other things, the grouping of drinkers into a single risk category based on a relatively low threshold may not capture adequately the nature of problem drinking behaviors. The present study is an initial examination of the utility of delineating heavy drinkers into three groups; those who typically drink below the traditional "Binge" cutoff (less than 4+/5+ drinks per occasion for women/men), those who met traditional "Binge" drinking criteria, and a higher "Binge" cutoff of 6+/7+ (women, men). ⋯ Importantly, "Heavy Binge" drinkers experienced higher levels of those specific consequences associated with more problematic alcohol involvement. Findings suggest that not all "Binge" drinkers drink alike, are equally drunk, or experience similar consequences. As such, there may be utility in distinguishing among heavy drinkers, in order to focus appropriately on those at greatest risk for different types of consequences.
-
Addictive behaviors · Apr 2007
Multicenter StudyThe need for substance abuse after-care: longitudinal analysis of Oxford House.
There is a need to explore the processes of social support and self-efficacy change over time among individuals in recovery homes, and to assess the extent to which residents remain abstinent, obtain and maintain employment, refrain from criminal activity, and utilize health care systems both while within the and after leaving such settings. ⋯ Results suggest that receiving abstinence support, guidance, and information from recovery home members committed to the goal of long-term sobriety may enhance residents' abstinence self-efficacy and enable persons recovering from alcohol and other drug addiction to reduce the probability of a relapse.
-
Addictive behaviors · Jan 2007
The use of GEE for analyzing longitudinal binomial data: a primer using data from a tobacco intervention.
Longitudinal study designs in addictive behaviors research are common as researchers have focused increasingly on how various explanatory variables affect responses over time. In particular, such designs are used in intervention studies that have multiple follow-up points. ⋯ In recent years, generalized estimating equations (GEE) has become a standard method for analyzing non-normal longitudinal data, yet it often is not utilized by addiction researchers. The goal of this article is to provide an overview of the GEE approach for analyzing correlated binary data for behavioral researchers, using data from an intervention study on the prevention of relapse to tobacco smoking.