Addictive behaviors
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Addictive behaviors · Feb 2006
Multicenter StudyNicotine dependence, motivation to quit, and diagnosis in emergency department patients who smoke.
To assess the effect of diagnosis on motivation to quit in adult smokers in an emergency department (ED). ⋯ Adult ED smokers exhibit mild-moderate levels of nicotine addiction and interest in quitting. ED-based tobacco control should target all smokers.
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Addictive behaviors · Feb 2006
Attitude changes among emergency department triage staff after conducting routine alcohol screening.
Excessive alcohol consumption is common among injury patients, but routine alcohol interventions seem to be difficult to implement in emergency departments. An obstacle seen in previous studies is the limited time available in a real-world setting for staff to participate in routine alcohol screening and interventions. In the present study, ordinary staff participated in a simple alcohol screening procedure. ⋯ However, this seems not to be sufficient for the staff to spontaneously engage more actively. In fact, more of the staff were uncertain after the study period whether the emergency department is an appropriate place for alcohol screening and intervention despite an increased role legitimacy and perceived competence. There is a need for further development of alcohol prevention models that are acceptable for the staff to implement as part of the daily routine.
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Addictive behaviors · Oct 2005
Does stage-of-change predict dropout in a culturally diverse sample of adolescents admitted to inpatient substance-abuse treatment? A test of the Transtheoretical Model.
The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) () proposes that the stages-of-change construct can serve as useful tool for identifying those most at-risk of treatment dropout [Prochaska, J. O. (1999). How do people change, and how can we change to help many more people? In M. ⋯ The findings demonstrated that the best predictive model of dropout included only the Precontemplation subscale of the URICA (OR: 4.3; 95% CI: 2.0-9.0). In addition, adolescents assigned to the Precontemplation stage manifested significantly higher rates of treatment attrition than individuals in the Contemplation or Preparation/Action stages. This study provides important empirical support for the predictive utility of the stage-of-change construct among a culturally diverse sample of adolescents admitted to an inpatient substance-abuse treatment program.
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Addictive behaviors · Jul 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialThe effect of mianserin add-on, on the intensity of opioid withdrawal symptoms during detoxification program--a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, prospective study.
Based on pre-clinical studies regarding the interaction of various antidepressant drugs with the opioid system, we designed a clinical study to be carried out in the 'in-patient detoxification unit' within a large community centre for treatment of drugs dependent people. We evaluated the effect of mianserin add-on, on the intensity of opioid withdrawal symptoms in opiate dependent subjects undergoing medication-supported physical detoxification and integrated psychosocial and psychotherapeutic intervention for the treatment of dependence. ⋯ Though adding mianserin to the medication treatment during detoxification of opiate-dependent persons attenuated significantly both the intensity and the duration of withdrawal symptoms, the overall drop out rate was negatively influenced in the study group compared to the control group and fewer patients completed the study. Further study is needed in order to establish the origin of the paradox of higher drop out rates in the presence of attenuated intensity and duration of opiate withdrawal symptoms in the study group, and the clinical implications that should be drown.
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Addictive behaviors · Jul 2005
ReviewNeurobiochemical and clinical aspects of craving in alcohol addiction: a review.
Craving plays an important role in the pathogenesis of alcohol dependence and relapse. In this review we have tried to analyse how many contrasting theories have been formulated in order to clarify the concept of craving. ⋯ On the other hand comportamental and/or cognitive aspects could also play a role in the etiology of craving. The coexistence of many and often contrasting theories can indicate that different subtypes of patients could have different mechanisms at the basis of alcohol craving, suggesting that it could be advisable to personalize the anti-craving therapy.