The New England journal of medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
A controlled trial of nonoxynol 9 film to reduce male-to-female transmission of sexually transmitted diseases.
Nonoxynol 9 is a proved spermicide, but whether it is also a microbicide is uncertain. A truly effective vaginal microbicide would reduce the susceptibility of women to sexually transmitted diseases, including infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). ⋯ The use of a nonoxynol 9 vaginal film did not reduce the rate of new HIV, gonorrhea, or chlamydia infection in this group of sex workers who used condoms and received treatment for sexually transmitted diseases.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
A comparison of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation and conventional mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure.
The role of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation delivered through a face mask in patients with acute respiratory failure is uncertain. We conducted a prospective, randomized trial of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation as compared with endotracheal intubation with conventional mechanical ventilation in 64 patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure who required mechanical ventilation. ⋯ In patients with acute respiratory failure, noninvasive ventilation was as effective as conventional ventilation in improving gas exchange and was associated with fewer serious complications and shorter stays in the intensive care unit.
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Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Long-term safety and effectiveness of iron-chelation therapy with deferiprone for thalassemia major.
Deferiprone is an orally active iron-chelating agent that is being evaluated as a treatment for iron overload in thalassemia major. Studies in an animal model showed that prolonged treatment is associated with a decline in the effectiveness of deferiprone and exacerbation of hepatic fibrosis. ⋯ Deferiprone does not adequately control body iron burden in patients with thalassemia and may worsen hepatic fibrosis.
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Multicenter Study
Oral contraceptives and the risk of hereditary ovarian cancer. Hereditary Ovarian Cancer Clinical Study Group.
Women with mutations in either the BRCA1 or the BRCA2 gene have a high lifetime risk of ovarian cancer. Oral contraceptives protect against ovarian cancer in general, but it is not known whether they also protect against hereditary forms of ovarian cancer. ⋯ Oral-contraceptive use may reduce the risk of ovarian cancer in women with pathogenic mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene.