The New England journal of medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
High-flow nasal cannulae in very preterm infants after extubation.
The use of high-flow nasal cannulae is an increasingly popular alternative to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for noninvasive respiratory support of very preterm infants (gestational age, <32 weeks) after extubation. However, data on the efficacy or safety of such cannulae in this population are lacking. ⋯ Although the result for the primary outcome was close to the margin of noninferiority, the efficacy of high-flow nasal cannulae was similar to that of CPAP as respiratory support for very preterm infants after extubation. (Funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council; Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Network number, ACTRN12610000166077.).
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The genus emmonsia contains three species that are associated with human disease. Emmonsia crescens and Emmonsia parva are the agents that cause adiaspiromycosis, and one human case of Emmonsia pasteuriana infection has been described. We report a fungal pathogen within the genus emmonsia that is most closely related to E. pasteuriana in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults in South Africa. ⋯ The findings suggest that these isolates of an emmonsia species represent a new species of dimorphic fungus that is pathogenic to humans. The species appears to be an important cause of infections in Cape Town.
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Comment Letter
Threshold insulin-pump interruption to reduce hypoglycemia.