The New England journal of medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Nivolumab plus Gemcitabine-Cisplatin in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma.
No new agent has improved overall survival in patients with unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma when added to first-line cisplatin-based chemotherapy. ⋯ Combination therapy with nivolumab plus gemcitabine-cisplatin resulted in significantly better outcomes in patients with previously untreated advanced urothelial carcinoma than gemcitabine-cisplatin alone. (Funded by Bristol Myers Squibb and Ono Pharmaceutical; CheckMate 901 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03036098.).
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Immune checkpoint blockade has become standard treatment for many types of cancer. Such therapy is indicated most often in patients with advanced or metastatic disease but has been increasingly used as adjuvant therapy in those with early-stage disease. ⋯ Known causes of the symptoms were ruled out, and the diagnosis of pembrolizumab-induced immune-related gastroenterocolitis was supported by the results of histopathological assays, immunophenotyping, and analysis of the level of antibodies against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). The infant's condition was successfully treated with prednisolone and infliximab.
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In 2021, the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) recommended reporting actionable genotypes in 73 genes associated with diseases for which preventive or therapeutic measures are available. Evaluations of the association of actionable genotypes in these genes with life span are currently lacking. ⋯ On the basis of the ACMG SF v3.0 guidelines, we found that approximately 1 in 25 Icelanders carried an actionable genotype and that carrying such a genotype was associated with a reduced life span. (Funded by deCODE Genetics-Amgen.).