European journal of pediatrics
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The new coronavirus disease outbreak in 2019 (COVID-19) represents a dramatic challenge for healthcare systems worldwide. As to viral tropism, lungs are not the only COVID-19 target but also the heart may be involved in a not negligible percentage of the infected patients. Myocarditis-related cardiac dysfunction and potentially life-threatening arrhythmias are the main aftermaths. ⋯ Conclusion: This systematic review is aimed at summarizing all COVID-19 cases with a cardiac involvement published in paediatric age and trying to explain the underlying mechanisms responsible for COVID-19-related myocardial damage. What is Known:• Coronaviruses proved to be able to jump from animals to humans.• The outbreak of COVID-19 started from China (Dec 2019) and became pandemic. What is New:• Even in childhood, COVID-19 is not without the risk of cardiac involvement.• Myocarditis, heart failure, and arrhythmias are among the possible manifestations.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Proportional assist ventilation (PAV) versus neurally adjusted ventilator assist (NAVA): effect on oxygenation in infants with evolving or established bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Both proportional assist ventilation (PAV) and neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) provide pressure support synchronised throughout the respiratory cycle proportional to the patient's respiratory demand. Our aim was to compare the effect of these two modes on oxygenation in infants with evolving or established bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Two-hour periods of PAV and NAVA were delivered in random order to 18 infants born less than 32 weeks of gestation. ⋯ There was no significant difference in the mean "OI" between the two modes, but the mean "A-a" gradient was better on NAVA. What is Known:• Proportional assist ventilation (PAV) and neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) can improve the oxygenation index (OI) in prematurely born infants.• Both PAV and NAVA can provide support proportional to respiratory drive or demand throughout the respiratory cycle. What is New:• In infants with evolving or established BPD, using capillary blood samples, both PAV and NAVA compared to baseline ventilation resulted in improvement in the "OI", but there was no significant difference in the "OI" on PAV compared to NAVA.• The "alveolar-arterial" oxygen gradient was better on NAVA compared to PAV.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Can lavender oil inhalation help to overcome dental anxiety and pain in children? A randomized clinical trial.
Aromatherapy with essential oils can be used to relieve children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlations between psychological and physiologic findings after lavender oil inhalation among children assigned to undergo tooth extraction. A total of 126 children aged between 6 and 12 years were enrolled in the study. ⋯ Conclusion: Lavender oil can be preferred as a treatment of choice in routine pediatric dentistry. Trial registration number: NCT04115891 (Lavender Oil Inhalation Help to Overcome Dental Anxiety Among Children)What is Known:• Dental anxiety is the most common factor that causes children to have difficulty with the dentist and their parents during treatment.• Aromatherapy with essential oils can be used to relieve children. What is New:• Aromatherapy with lavender oil relieves the child by reducing the level of anxiety and facilitates dental treatment.• During surgical procedures such as local anesthesia and tooth extraction, lavender oil inhalation decreases pain levels of children.
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We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of facilitated tucking position during painful procedure in pain management of preterm infants. We searched MEDLINE, PEDro, SciELO and the Cochrane Library (until June 2019) for randomized controlled trials. An α value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. ⋯ Conclusion: Facilitated tucking position may improve the pain during painful procedures. What is Known:• Exposure of premature babies to painful procedures is associated with changes in brain development, regardless of other factors.• Facilitated tucking reduces the expression of pain in premature infants. What is New:• Facilitated tucking position was efficient in pain management of preterm infants when compared to routine care.• Facilitated tucking compared to opioid or oral glucose did not achieve a significant reduction in pain intensity.
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Observational Study
Assessment of breath sounds at birth using digital stethoscope technology.
Newborn transition is a phase of complex change involving lung fluid clearance and lung aeration. We aimed to use a digital stethoscope (DS) to assess the change in breath sound characteristics over the first 2 h of life and its relationship to mode of delivery. A commercially available DS was used to record breath sounds of term newborns at 1-min and 2-h post-delivery via normal vaginal delivery (NVD) or elective caesarean section (CS). ⋯ At 1 min, NVD infants had slightly higher frequency than CS but no difference at 2 h. Conclusion: We were able to use DS technology in the transitioning infant to depict significant changes to breath sound characteristics over the first 2 h of life, reflecting the process of lung aeration. What is Known:• Lung fluid clearance and lung aeration are critical processes that facilitate respiration and mode of delivery can impact this• Digital stethoscopes offer enhanced auscultation and have been used in the paediatric population for the assessment of pulmonary and cardiac soundsWhat is New:• This is the first study to use digital stethoscope technology to assess breath sounds at birth• We describe a change in breath sound characteristics over the first 2 h of life and suggest a predictive utility of this analysis to predict the development of respiratory distress in newborns prior to the onset of symptoms.