European journal of pediatrics
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Comparative Study
Lung ultrasound in bronchiolitis: comparison with chest X-ray.
The diagnosis of bronchiolitis is based mainly on the patient's medical history and physical examination. However, in severe cases, a further evaluation including chest X-ray (CXR) may be necessary. At present, lung ultrasound (LUS) is not included in the diagnostic work-up of bronchiolitis. ⋯ In some patients with bronchiolitis, LUS is able to identify lung abnormalities not revealed by CXR. Furthermore, there is a good correlation between clinical and ultrasound findings. Given the short time needed to get a US report, this technique could become the routine imaging modality for patients with bronchiolitis.
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Review Case Reports
Isolated torsion of the fallopian tube: a case report and review of the literature.
Isolated torsion of the fallopian tube is a rare medical emergency, especially in premenarchal girls. We present a 9-year-old girl with right-sided lower abdominal pain. Isolated torsion of the fallopian tube was suspected preoperatively because of the clinical presentation combined with the results of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). ⋯ This case report shows that the use of ultrasonography and MRI or CT is a helpful diagnostic tool to recognize this condition at an early stage. Especially in young girls presenting with abdominal pain, this should be kept in mind, as digital vaginal examination and vaginal ultrasound most often cannot be used in the diagnostic process. In conclusion, because prompt surgical intervention is required to preserve the tube and prevent progression to peritonitis and possible detrimental effects on future fertility, isolated torsion of the fallopian tube should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lower abdominal pain in all female patients regardless of age.
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Reexpansion pulmonary edema is an uncommon complication following rapid reexpansion of the lungs. The risk increases with a prolonged duration of pulmonary collapse, the amount of drained liquid or air, and with decreased time of draining. Treatment is supportive. ⋯ Acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ dysfunctions developed in the follow-up. The patient died on day 5 of hospitalization. In this report, a complicated reexpansion pulmonary edema with a lathal outcome in a 9-year-old child is presented.
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Severe tracheal stenosis, resulting in functional atresia of the trachea is a rare congenital malformation with an estimated occurrence of two in 100,000 newborns. If no esophagotracheal fistula is present to allow for spontaneous breathing, this condition is usually fatal. We report on a male infant born at 32 weeks of gestation. ⋯ The etiology of tracheal atresia and tracheal stenosis is still unclear, but both conditions are frequently combined with other anomalies of the VACTERL (vertebral anomalies, anal atresia, cardiovascular anomalies, tracheoesophageal fistula, esophageal atresia, renal/radial anomalies and limb defects) and TACRD (tracheal agenesis, cardiac, renal and duodenal malformations) association. Conclusion Successful treatment of severe congenital tracheal stenosis and tracheal atresia depends on either prenatal diagnosis or recognition of this condition immediately after birth to perform tracheotomy without delay. Nevertheless, despite any efforts, the therapeutical results of severe tracheal stenosis and tracheal atresia are still unsatisfactory.