Journal of emergency nursing : JEN : official publication of the Emergency Department Nurses Association
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Several scientific and professional associations have made reports and recommendations to regulate the use of intraosseous (IO) access as an alternative to conventional intravenous access (IA) in emergency situations when IA cannot be obtained. It has been well documented that IO access is safe and effective for fluid resuscitation, drug delivery, and blood collection. IO access is attainable in all age groups. ⋯ The use of the EZ-IO provides a quick (100% performed within 30 seconds), easy, and reliable alternative to conventional venous access in critically ill patients. Traditional peripheral venous access requires a minimal preparation that can delay initial treatment in critically ill patients and cause possible interference with resuscitation. The main advantage of using EZ-IO is to obtain secure, immediate, noncollapsible peripheral venous access in critically ill patients. It is possible to obtain a second site of access such as peripheral venous access to administer fluids and drugs, which can improve survival rates.
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Observational Study
Emergency Medical Services Triage Using the Emergency Severity Index: Is it Reliable and Valid?
Efficient communication between emergency medical services (EMS) and ED providers using a common triage system may enable more effective transfers when EMS arrives in the emergency department. We sought (1) to evaluate inter-rater reliability between Emergency Severity Index (ESI) assignments designated by EMS personnel and emergency triage nurses (registered nurses [RNs]) and (2) to evaluate the validity of EMS triage assignments using the ESI instrument. ⋯ We observed moderate concordance between EMS and RN ESI triage assignments. EMS sensitivity for correct acuity assignment was generally poor, whereas specificity for correctly not assigning a particular level was better. Additional research investigating the potential causes of the poor agreement that we observed is warranted.
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Evidence suggests that a significant number of patients discharged from the hospital with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke are not identified as having a stroke on admission. Those presenting with "nontraditional" stroke symptoms may be less likely to be diagnosed correctly. We aimed to establish whether there was an association between symptom presentation and diagnostic accuracy and to identify the type and frequency of nontraditional symptoms that resulted in a missed diagnosis in the emergency department. ⋯ In order to facilitate appropriate management of patients with ischemic stroke, emergency nurses must be aware that symptom presentation is highly variable. Patients presenting with nontraditional symptoms may benefit from an immediate and comprehensive neurological evaluation.