Psychopharmacology
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
A randomized, double-blind, duloxetine-referenced study comparing efficacy and tolerability of 2 fixed doses of vortioxetine in the acute treatment of adults with MDD.
Vortioxetine has reduced depressive symptoms in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) in multiple clinical trials. ⋯ ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01153009; www.clinicaltrials.gov/ .
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Comparative Study
Improved cognition without adverse effects: novel M1 muscarinic potentiator compares favorably to donepezil and xanomeline in rhesus monkey.
The standards of care for Alzheimer's disease, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil (Aricept®), are dose-limited due to adverse side-effects. These adverse events lead to significant patient non-compliance, constraining the dose and magnitude of efficacy that can be achieved. Non-selective muscarinic receptor orthosteric agonists such as Xanomeline have been shown to be effective in treating symptoms as well, but were also poorly tolerated. Therefore, there is an unmet medical need for a symptomatic treatment that improves symptoms and is better tolerated. ⋯ These data suggest M1 positive allosteric modulators have the potential to improve cognition in Alzheimer's disease with a greater therapeutic margin than the current standard of care, addressing an important unmet medical need.
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Treatment with positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the GABAB receptor (GABAB PAMs) inhibits several alcohol-motivated behaviors in rodents, including operant, oral alcohol self-administration. ⋯ GS39783 and rac-BHFF (a) reduced alcohol reinforcing properties when given repeatedly, with no development of tolerance, and (b) potentiated baclofen effect. Both sets of data possess translational interest, as they suggest potential effectiveness of GABAB PAMs under chronic treatment and selective potentiation of baclofen effect.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Does mutual compensation of the cognitive effects induced by pain and opioids exist? An experimental study.
Studies have demonstrated that both pain and opioids have actions on the central nervous system that may interfere with cognitive function, but their effects have mainly been analysed separately and not as an integrated process. ⋯ Pain and remifentanil seemed to have additive deleterious cognitive effects. This study represents an initial step to enhance our basic understanding of some of the cognitive effects following a painful stimulus and an opioid infusion separately and combined in a sequence comparable to clinical settings.