The American journal of sports medicine
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A review of charts and x-ray films of individuals who sustained ankle sprains was carried out to determine the presence of calcaneonavicular coalition. Coalitions were present in 63% of 215 patients with 223 ankle sprains. In 130 ankle sprains recorded as occurring directly in athletics, 65% of the x-ray films showed some degree of calcaneal navicular abnormality. This study found a much higher percentage of coalitions than anticipated in either the general population or the injured athletic population and reinforced the belief that there may be an underlying anatomic predisposition to ankle sprains.
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This study reports on the followup of 25 children who were thought to have complete acromioclavicular joint dislocations. The patients were from 5 to 16 years old at the time of injury. Followup ranged between one and nine years. ⋯ Children of 13 years and older usually sustained complete dislocations of the acromioclavicular joint similar to adults. In children below age 13, conservative treatment should produce good or excellent results. Patients above age 13 all had adult-type acromioclavicular joint dislocations and were, accordingly, treated as adults.
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As no other guide was found to illustrate and describe protective equipment and its fitting, we have prepared this treatise. Properly fitted protective equipment for football is a must to prevent injury from occurring. Many injuries result from improperly fitted equipment. ⋯ Special materials such as Ensolite, Hexcelite, RTV-11, Orthoplast, Lightcast, or Therm-O-Foam may be utilized to construct special pads. Today's modern football equipment provides adequate protection. It is imperative that all personnel involved in fitting equipment be knowledgeable about the subject.