Spine
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Four cases in which, during standard laminectomies, knife blades broke deep into the disc space are reported. ⋯ Because of the potential hazards of late intraabdominal visceral or vascular injuries, removal of sharp retained fragments at another session is recommended.
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The authors hypothesized that the source of coccygodynia was a lesion of the coccygeal disc. ⋯ Common coccygeal pain could come from the coccygeal disc in approximately 70% of cases.
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The ability of hydroxyapatite (HA) materials to enhance the fixation strength of posterior spinal instrumentation was examined in 19 adult mongrel dogs. ⋯ The strength of poorly inserted transpedicular screws was significantly enhanced in vivo by the resorbable HA-grout material. The lower strength of HA-coated screws was attributed to screw geometry changes resulting from the coating process, and modifications of screw coating are recommended.
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Although the extent of injury after cervical spine fracture can be visualized by imaging, the deformations that occur in the spinal canal during injury are unknown. ⋯ Two potential spinal cord injury-causing mechanisms in axial bursting injuries of the cervical spine are occlusion and shortening of the canal. Post-injury radiographic measurements significantly underestimate the actual transient injury that occurs during impact.
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Three-dimensional reconstructions of MRI scans measured volume, height, and diameter of intervertebral discs. These measurements were made in vivo. ⋯ The mean simulated diurnal volume decrease in the lower three lumbar discs is 16.2%. Most of the diurnal loss in disc height is due to volume loss. The effect of radial bulging is minimal.