Spine
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Comparative Study
Pedicle and transverse process screws of the upper thoracic spine. Biomechanical comparison of loads to failure.
An In vitro biomechanical load-to-failure test. ⋯ Upper thoracic pedicle screws have superior axial loading characteristics compared with bicortical transverse process screws, except at T1. Load behavior of either of these screws was not predictable based on anatomic parameters.