Spine
-
Radiographs of 75 healthy volunteers were measured to decide parameters and ranges for "congruent" sagittal spinopelvic alignments using the pelvic radius technique. A subset of 30 of the volunteers subsequently had a second radiograph to assess for changes in the repeated measurements. ⋯ In all of the sagittally balanced subjects studied, "congruent" spinopelvic alignment on all 105 standing lateral radiographs could be defined by four parameters using the pelvic radius technique: total lumbopelvic lordosis (PR-T12), incorporating complementary angles for lumbosacral lordosis (T12-S1), and pelvic morphology (PR-S1 angle) that summarily were always between -69 degrees to -116 degrees (+/-3 degrees ); centered pelvic alignment over the hips, as determined by the pelvic angle, that was always between -3 degrees to -32 degrees (+/-2 degrees ); compensated spinal balance, with a sagittal plumbline from the center of the T4 body always posterior to the hip axis as well as the center of the L4 vertebral body; and a concordant T4-T12 kyphosis/PR-T12 lordosis ratio that was always negative and between 0.15 to 0.75. [Key words: congruent alignment, pelvic radius technique, pelvic morphology, lumbopelvic lordosis, lumbosacral lordosis]
-
The surgical treatment of spinal disorders did not develop before the 1970s of the last century. Previously limited technical possibilities and the danger of infections spinal surgery could not spread wider. This article reviews the history of spinal surgery from first trials as mentioned in the papyrus Smith in 1550 B. C. in Egypt to advanced techniques of today.